Second, I'd like to talk about the causes of the Great Depression. There were multiple causes for the first downturn in 1929, including the structural weaknesses and specific events that turned it into a major depression and the way in which the downturn spread from country to country. In relation to the 1929 downturn, historians emphasize structural factors like massive bank failures and the stock market crash, while economists point to Britain's decision to return to the Gold Standard at Pre-World War I parities. We know recession cycles are thought to be a normal part of living in a world of inexact balances between supply and demand. What turns a usually mild and short recession or ordinary business cycle into an actual depression is a subject of debate and concern.


其次,我想谈谈大萧条的起因。结构性弱势和一些特定的事件等多个方面的原因使1929年的首次经济衰退变成一场大萧条，而且此衰退形势从一个国家扩大到另一个国家。说到1929年的低迷时期,历史学家强调结构性因素像大规模的银行倒闭和股市崩盘,而经济学家则指出它等同于英国在一战前决定重返金本位制。我们知道经济衰退周期被认为是生活在供应和需求之间的不准确平衡的世界里正常的一部分。是什么使一个往往轻微和短暂的衰退或普通商业周期成为名副其实的经济萧条是一个备受关注和争议的话题。