We can see the whole lifecycle here, can't we? Exactly. So there are snails exactly like this right there, right now, shedding parasites, which are penetrating the skin of those women, who go and then defecate in the outhouses along the riverbank and the poo then be washed down into the lake, to reinfect the snails who, in turn, shed more parasites which infect the women. That's the cycle, isn't it? Exactly. And also you see how close everything is, means that in an environment such as this, the transmission is very high and very intense. The drug to treat the disease is cheap and effective, but currently the World Health Organisation believes there is no need to treat the under fives. Children this young tend not to go in the lake. Russell's work is set to challenge that. It's a good example here, just by chance you see a lady, she's collected that jerry can of water. And, you know, in this instance she's washing her clothes. There come a time when she wants to clean her children and using the same water in the basins to bathe those children at home.


我们可以看到它整个生命周期，对吧？ -没错 -此刻那边有很多这样的蜗牛，不断排出寄生虫。寄生虫会渗入妇女的皮肤中，她们稍候会在河边的厕所排便，而粪便会被冲入到湖水中，再次感染蜗牛，反过来，它们会再次排出寄生虫感染妇女就是这样的循环，是吧？ 没错，你也看到事物联系很紧密。这意味着在此类环境中传播的覆盖面会很广，强度很大。 治疗这种疾病的药物既便宜又有效，但最近世界卫生组织认为没有必要治疗5岁以下的儿童，因为这么小的孩子是不会到湖里去的。 拉塞尔的工作是挑战这种看法，这就是个很好的例子。这位女士，她在油罐里装满了水，她正在洗衣服。当她需要为孩子洗澡时，她就肯定会把这水倒进水盆，给家里的孩子洗澡。