| In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. | |
| 第三个历史理论同上述两个理论在某种程度上是不谋而合的。根据这一理论---通常称为螺旋历史观，虽然人类社会的发展阶段是不断循环重复的，但从长远的历史角度来看其总体进步是显而易见的。第三个历史理论支持第二个历史理论所主张的观点，即文明会经历兴衰，但是它还认为新的文明往往会征服最初文明并将其取而代之。由于新的文明具备更好的条件使它能够发展到一个更高级的阶段。然而这个文明仍会继续向前发展直到它衰败，再被更优越的第三种文明取而代之。 |
| In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. | |
| di san ge li shi li lun tong shang shu liang ge li lun zai mou zhong cheng du shang shi bu mou er he de. gen ju zhe yi li lun tong chang cheng wei luo xuan li shi guan, sui ran ren lei she hui de fa zhan jie duan shi bu duan xun huan chong fu de, dan cong chang yuan de li shi jiao du lai kan qi zong ti jin bu shi xian er yi jian de. di san ge li shi li lun zhi chi di er ge li shi li lun suo zhu zhang de guan dian, ji wen ming hui jing li xing shuai, dan shi ta hai ren wei xin de wen ming wang wang hui zheng fu zui chu wen ming bing jiang qi qu er dai zhi. you yu xin de wen ming ju bei geng hao de tiao jian shi ta neng gou fa zhan dao yi ge geng gao ji de jie duan. ran er zhe ge wen ming reng hui ji xu xiang qian fa zhan zhi dao ta shuai bai, zai bei geng you yue de di san zhong wen ming qu er dai zhi. |
| In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. | |
| dì sān ge lì shǐ lǐ lùn tóng shàng shù liǎng gè lǐ lùn zài mǒu zhǒng chéng dù shàng shì bù móu ér hé de. gēn jù zhè yī lǐ lùn tōng cháng chēng wéi luó xuán lì shǐ guān, suī rán rén lèi shè huì de fā zhǎn jiē duàn shì bù duàn xún huán chóng fù de, dàn cóng cháng yuǎn de lì shǐ jiǎo dù lái kàn qí zǒng tǐ jìn bù shì xiǎn ér yì jiàn de. dì sān ge lì shǐ lǐ lùn zhī chí dì èr gè lì shǐ lǐ lùn suǒ zhǔ zhāng de guān diǎn, jí wén míng huì jīng lì xīng shuāi, dàn shì tā hái rèn wéi xīn de wén míng wǎng wǎng huì zhēng fú zuì chū wén míng bìng jiāng qí qǔ ér dài zhī. yóu yú xīn de wén míng jù bèi gèng hǎo de tiáo jiàn shǐ tā néng gòu fā zhǎn dào yí gè gèng gāo jí de jiē duàn. rán ér zhè gè wén míng réng huì jì xù xiàng qián fā zhǎn zhí dào tā shuāi bài, zài bèi gèng yōu yuè de dì sān zhǒng wén míng qǔ ér dài zhī. |
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