| Now, as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behavior, but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a person's behavior. So we have to rely on observing samples of people's behavior. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people's usual behavior. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behavior. Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of important decisions, that's about when and where observations will be made. As I've said before, the researcher cannot observe all behavior. Only certain behaviors occurring at particular times, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behavior must be sampled. In this lecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling,that is, time sampling and situation sampling. Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behavior. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. | |
| 现在,正如你所想,观察的主要目的是描述行为。但是在现实中我们无法观察和描述一个人的所有行为，所以我们必须依靠于观察他人的行为样本。要这样做,我们必须判定这些样本是否能够代表人们的日常行为。因此,首先我们来简要地看一看研究者是如何选择行为样本的。在进行一项观察性研究之前,研究人员必须做出很多重要的决定,即在什么时候、什么地方进行观察。就像我之前说的,研究者不能观察到所有行为。某些行为只有发生在特定的时间以及在特定的情况下才可以观察的到。换句话说,行为必须抽样。本次讲座,我将简要介绍两种抽样方法,即时间抽样和情况抽样。第一、时间抽样。时间抽样是指研究人员在不同的时间间隔进行观察。他们可以系统地选择时间间隔也可以随机地选择时间间隔。假设我们要观察学生的课堂行为。那么，在系统时间抽样中,我们可以在5个20分钟的时间段内进行观察,每隔一小时开始。第一个观察期间可以在上午9点开始,第二个观察期间在上午10点开始，等等。 |
| Now, as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behavior, but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a person' s behavior. So we have to rely on observing samples of people' s behavior. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people' s usual behavior. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behavior. Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of important decisions, that' s about when and where observations will be made. As I' ve said before, the researcher cannot observe all behavior. Only certain behaviors occurring at particular times, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behavior must be sampled. In this lecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling. Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behavior. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20minute periods, beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. | |
| xian zai, zheng ru ni suo xiang, guan cha de zhu yao mu di shi miao shu xing wei. dan shi zai xian shi zhong wo men wu fa guan cha he miao shu yi ge ren de suo you xing wei, suo yi wo men bi xu yi kao yu guan cha ta ren de xing wei yang ben. yao zhe yang zuo, wo men bi xu pan ding zhei xie yang ben shi fou neng gou dai biao ren men de ri chang xing wei. yin ci, shou xian wo men lai jian yao di kan yi kan yan jiu zhe shi ru he xuan ze xing wei yang ben de. zai jin xing yi xiang guan cha xing yan jiu zhi qian, yan jiu ren yuan bi xu zuo chu hen duo chong yao de jue ding, ji zai shen me shi hou shen me di fang jin xing guan cha. jiu xiang wo zhi qian shuo de, yan jiu zhe bu neng guan cha dao suo you xing wei. mou xie xing wei zhi you fa sheng zai te ding de shi jian yi ji zai te ding de qing kuang xia cai ke yi guan cha de dao. huan ju hua shuo, xing wei bi xu chou yang. ben ci jiang zuo, wo jiang jian yao jie shao liang zhong chou yang fang fa, ji shi jian chou yang he qing kuang chou yang. di yi shi jian chou yang. shi jian chou yang shi zhi yan jiu ren yuan zai bu tong de shi jian jian ge jin xing guan cha. ta men ke yi xi tong di xuan ze shi jian jian ge ye ke yi sui ji di xuan ze shi jian jian ge. jia she wo men yao guan cha xue sheng de ke tang xing wei. na me, zai xi tong shi jian chou yang zhong, wo men ke yi zai 5 ge 20 fen zhong de shi jian duan nei jin xing guan cha, mei ge yi xiao shi kai shi. di yi ge guan cha qi jian ke yi zai shang wu 9 dian kai shi, di er ge guan cha qi jian zai shang wu 10 dian kai shi, deng deng. |
| Now, as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behavior, but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a person' s behavior. So we have to rely on observing samples of people' s behavior. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people' s usual behavior. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behavior. Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of important decisions, that' s about when and where observations will be made. As I' ve said before, the researcher cannot observe all behavior. Only certain behaviors occurring at particular times, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behavior must be sampled. In this lecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling. Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behavior. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20minute periods, beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. | |
| xiàn zài, zhèng rú nǐ suǒ xiǎng, guān chá de zhǔ yào mù dì shì miáo shù xíng wéi. dàn shì zài xiàn shí zhōng wǒ men wú fǎ guān chá hé miáo shù yí ge rén de suǒ yǒu xíng wéi, suǒ yǐ wǒ men bì xū yī kào yú guān chá tā rén de xíng wéi yàng běn. yào zhè yàng zuò, wǒ men bì xū pàn dìng zhèi xiē yàng běn shì fǒu néng gòu dài biǎo rén men de rì cháng xíng wéi. yīn cǐ, shǒu xiān wǒ men lái jiǎn yào dì kàn yī kàn yán jiū zhě shì rú hé xuǎn zé xíng wéi yàng běn de. zài jìn xíng yī xiàng guān chá xìng yán jiū zhī qián, yán jiū rén yuán bì xū zuò chū hěn duō chóng yào de jué dìng, jí zài shén me shí hòu shén me dì fang jìn xíng guān chá. jiù xiàng wǒ zhī qián shuō de, yán jiū zhě bù néng guān chá dào suǒ yǒu xíng wéi. mǒu xiē xíng wéi zhǐ yǒu fā shēng zài tè dìng de shí jiān yǐ jí zài tè dìng de qíng kuàng xià cái kě yǐ guān chá de dào. huàn jù huà shuō, xíng wéi bì xū chōu yàng. běn cì jiǎng zuò, wǒ jiāng jiǎn yào jiè shào liǎng zhǒng chōu yàng fāng fǎ, jí shí jiān chōu yàng hé qíng kuàng chōu yàng. dì yī shí jiān chōu yàng. shí jiān chōu yàng shì zhǐ yán jiū rén yuán zài bù tóng de shí jiān jiàn gé jìn xíng guān chá. tā men kě yǐ xì tǒng dì xuǎn zé shí jiān jiàn gé yě kě yǐ suí jī dì xuǎn zé shí jiān jiàn gé. jiǎ shè wǒ men yào guān chá xué shēng de kè táng xíng wéi. nà me, zài xì tǒng shí jiān chōu yàng zhōng, wǒ men kě yǐ zài 5 gè 20 fēn zhōng de shí jiān duàn nèi jìn xíng guān chá, měi gé yī xiǎo shí kāi shǐ. dì yí gè guān chá qī jiān kě yǐ zài shàng wǔ 9 diǎn kāi shǐ, dì èr gè guān chá qī jiān zài shàng wǔ 10 diǎn kāi shǐ, děng děng. |
YouTube搜索结果 (转至YouTube)