| However, in random sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary—some longer others shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies.For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20-minute period. Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. | |
| 然而,在随机抽样中,这5个20分钟的时间段可以是一天内的任何时候。也就是说,观测时间间隔将不再是一个小时---而是有的长有的短。我想强调的一点是有系统的时间抽样和随机的时间抽样并不总是单独使用的。在研究中我们通常将这两种方法结合使用。例如,尽管观测时间间隔是有系统规定的,但一个时间段内要何时进行观察是不固定的。这意味着研究者可以在一个20分钟的时间段内随意选取个时间点开始，然后只要每隔15秒观察一次即可。接下来我们说说情景抽样。那么,什么是情况抽样呢?它包括在不同的地点,在不同的环境以及不同的条件下研究行为。在情景抽样中，如果有越多不同的情景，研究人员就可以更好地避免他们的观察结果受限于某种特定的环境和条件。为什么?因为人类或动物的行为方式在各种情况下都并不是一模一样的。 |
| However, in random sampling, these five 20minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary some longer others shorter. One point I' d like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20minute period. Now let' s come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. | |
| ran er, zai sui ji chou yang zhong, zhe 5 ge 20 fen zhong de shi jian duan ke yi shi yi tian nei de ren he shi hou. ye jiu shi shuo, guan ce shi jian jian ge jiang bu zai shi yi ge xiao shi er shi you de zhang you de duan. wo xiang qiang diao de yi dian shi you xi tong de shi jian chou yang he sui ji de shi jian chou yang bing bu zong shi dan du shi yong de. zai yan jiu zhong wo men tong chang jiang zhe liang zhong fang fa jie he shi yong. li ru, jin guan guan ce shi jian jian ge shi you xi tong gui ding de, dan yi ge shi jian duan nei yao he shi jin xing guan cha shi bu gu ding de. zhe yi wei zhe yan jiu zhe ke yi zai yi ge 20 fen zhong de shi jian duan nei sui yi xuan qu ge shi jian dian kai shi, ran hou zhi yao mei ge 15 miao guan cha yi ci ji ke. jie xia lai wo men shuo shuo qing jing chou yang. na me, shen me shi qing kuang chou yang ne? ta bao kuo zai bu tong de di dian, zai bu tong de huan jing yi ji bu tong de tiao jian xia yan jiu xing wei. zai qing jing chou yang zhong, ru guo you yue duo bu tong de qing jing, yan jiu ren yuan jiu ke yi geng hao di bi mian ta men de guan cha jie guo shou xian yu mou zhong te ding de huan jing he tiao jian. wei shi me? yin wei ren lei huo dong wu de xing wei fang shi zai ge zhong qing kuang xia du bing bu shi yi mu yi yang de. |
| However, in random sampling, these five 20minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary some longer others shorter. One point I' d like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20minute period. Now let' s come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. | |
| rán ér, zài suí jī chōu yàng zhōng, zhè 5 gè 20 fēn zhōng de shí jiān duàn kě yǐ shì yì tiān nèi de rèn hé shí hòu. yě jiù shì shuō, guān cè shí jiān jiàn gé jiāng bù zài shì yí gè xiǎo shí ér shì yǒu de zhǎng yǒu de duǎn. wǒ xiǎng qiáng diào de yì diǎn shì yǒu xì tǒng de shí jiān chōu yàng hé suí jī de shí jiān chōu yàng bìng bù zǒng shì dān dú shǐ yòng de. zài yán jiū zhōng wǒ men tōng cháng jiāng zhè liǎng zhǒng fāng fǎ jié hé shǐ yòng. lì rú, jǐn guǎn guān cè shí jiān jiàn gé shì yǒu xì tǒng guī dìng de, dàn yí gè shí jiān duàn nèi yào hé shí jìn xíng guān chá shì bù gù dìng de. zhè yì wèi zhe yán jiū zhě kě yǐ zài yí gè 20 fēn zhōng de shí jiān duàn nèi suí yì xuǎn qǔ gè shí jiān diǎn kāi shǐ, rán hòu zhǐ yào měi gé 15 miǎo guān chá yī cì jí kě. jiē xià lái wǒ men shuō shuō qíng jǐng chōu yàng. nà me, shén me shì qíng kuàng chōu yàng ne? tā bāo kuò zài bù tóng de dì diǎn, zài bù tóng de huán jìng yǐ jí bù tóng de tiáo jiàn xià yán jiū xíng wéi. zài qíng jǐng chōu yàng zhōng, rú guǒ yǒu yuè duō bù tóng de qíng jǐng, yán jiū rén yuán jiù kě yǐ gèng hǎo dì bì miǎn tā men de guān chá jié guǒ shòu xiàn yú mǒu zhǒng tè dìng de huán jìng hé tiáo jiàn. wèi shí me? yīn wéi rén lèi huò dòng wù de xíng wéi fāng shì zài gè zhǒng qíng kuàng xià dū bìng bú shì yī mú yī yàng de. |
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