| If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation -- conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. | |
| 如果我们分析海水的盐度，会发现地区间只有轻微的变化，然而有些小的变化是重要的。导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个，其中之一是通过蒸发的方式即把液 态水转化为水蒸气来减少海洋中的水分。这样由于盐留了下来，所以盐度增大。当然，如果这种方式走向极端，将会余下白色的盐晶体。 与蒸发相反的是降水，如降雨，由此水被加入海中，海水被稀释，从而盐度降低。这种情形会发生在大量降雨的地区，或江河入海岸处。因此，盐度通过蒸发减少水分而上升或通过降水或径流增加淡水成分而下降。 一般来说，在阳光很强烈的热带地区，海水的盐度略高于世界上其它没有热带那样多的蒸发的地区。同理，在江河稀释海水的海岸地带，海水盐度略低于其它海区。 第三个可以变更盐度的过程与海洋中冰的形成和融化有关。海水冻结时，溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样，在新形成的海水冰面的正下方的海水比在冰形成之前有更高的盐度。当然，当冰融化的时候，会降低周围水中的盐度。 在南极洲边缘的威德尔海中，结冰过程增加低温海水的盐度，从而形成了浓度最大的海水。这些大密度的海水下沉，可以在世界海洋的深水域发现。 |
| If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. | |
| ru guo wo men fen xi hai shui de yan du, hui fa xian di qu jian zhi you qing wei de bian hua, ran er you xie xiao de bian hua shi zhong yao de. dao zhi hai yang de yan du bian hua de ji ben guo cheng you san ge, qi zhong zhi yi shi tong guo zheng fa de fang shi ji ba ye tai shui zhuan hua wei shui zheng qi lai jian shao hai yang zhong de shui fen. zhe yang you yu yan liu le xia lai, suo yi yan du zeng da. dang ran, ru guo zhe zhong fang shi zou xiang ji duan, jiang hui yu xia bai se de yan jing ti. yu zheng fa xiang fan de shi jiang shui, ru jiang yu, you ci shui bei jia ru hai zhong, hai shui bei xi shi, cong er yan du jiang di. zhe zhong qing xing hui fa sheng zai da liang jiang yu de di qu, huo jiang he ru hai an chu. yin ci, yan du tong guo zheng fa jian shao shui fen er shang sheng huo tong guo jiang shui huo jing liu zeng jia dan shui cheng fen er xia jiang. yi ban lai shuo, zai yang guang hen qiang lie de re dai di qu, hai shui de yan du lue gao yu shi jie shang qi ta mei you re dai na yang duo de zheng fa de di qu. tong li, zai jiang he xi shi hai shui de hai an di dai, hai shui yan du lue di yu qi ta hai qu. di san ge ke yi bian geng yan du de guo cheng yu hai yang zhong bing de xing cheng he rong hua you guan. hai shui dong jie shi, rong yu qi zhong de wu zhi bei liu le xia lai. zhe yang, zai xin xing cheng de hai shui bing mian di zheng xia fang de hai shui bi zai bing xing cheng zhi qian you geng gao de yan du. dang ran, dang bing rong hua de shi hou, hui jiang di zhou wei shui zhong de yan du. zai nan ji zhou bian yuan de wei de er hai zhong, jie bing guo cheng zeng jia di wen hai shui de yan du, cong er xing cheng le nong du zui da de hai shui. zhei xie da mi du de hai shui xia chen, ke yi zai shi jie hai yang de shen shui yu fa xian. |
| If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. | |
| rú guǒ wǒ men fēn xī hǎi shuǐ de yán dù, huì fā xiàn dì qū jiān zhǐ yǒu qīng wēi de biàn huà, rán ér yǒu xiē xiǎo de biàn huà shì zhòng yào de. dǎo zhì hǎi yáng de yán dù biàn huà de jī běn guò chéng yǒu sān ge, qí zhōng zhī yī shì tōng guò zhēng fā de fāng shì jí bǎ yè tài shuǐ zhuǎn huà wéi shuǐ zhēng qì lái jiǎn shǎo hǎi yáng zhōng de shuǐ fèn. zhè yàng yóu yú yán liú le xià lái, suǒ yǐ yán dù zēng dà. dāng rán, rú guǒ zhè zhǒng fāng shì zǒu xiàng jí duān, jiāng huì yú xià bái sè de yán jīng tǐ. yǔ zhēng fā xiāng fǎn de shì jiàng shuǐ, rú jiàng yǔ, yóu cǐ shuǐ bèi jiā rù hǎi zhōng, hǎi shuǐ bèi xī shì, cóng ér yán dù jiàng dī. zhè zhǒng qíng xíng huì fā shēng zài dà liàng jiàng yǔ de dì qū, huò jiāng hé rù hǎi àn chù. yīn cǐ, yán dù tōng guò zhēng fā jiǎn shǎo shuǐ fèn ér shàng shēng huò tōng guò jiàng shuǐ huò jìng liú zēng jiā dàn shuǐ chéng fèn ér xià jiàng. yì bān lái shuō, zài yáng guāng hěn qiáng liè de rè dài dì qū, hǎi shuǐ de yán dù lüè gāo yú shì jiè shang qí tā méi yǒu rè dài nà yàng duō de zhēng fā de dì qū. tóng lǐ, zài jiāng hé xī shì hǎi shuǐ de hǎi àn dì dài, hǎi shuǐ yán dù lüè dī yú qí tā hǎi qū. dì sān ge kě yǐ biàn gēng yán dù de guò chéng yǔ hǎi yáng zhōng bīng de xíng chéng hé róng huà yǒu guān. hǎi shuǐ dòng jié shí, róng yú qí zhōng de wù zhì bèi liú le xià lái. zhè yàng, zài xīn xíng chéng de hǎi shuǐ bīng miàn dí zhèng xià fāng de hǎi shuǐ bǐ zài bīng xíng chéng zhī qián yǒu gèng gāo de yán dù. dāng rán, dāng bīng róng huà de shí hòu, huì jiàng dī zhōu wéi shuǐ zhōng de yán dù. zài nán jí zhōu biān yuán de wēi dé ěr hǎi zhōng, jié bīng guò chéng zēng jiā dī wēn hǎi shuǐ de yán dù, cóng ér xíng chéng le nóng dù zuì dà de hǎi shuǐ. zhèi xiē dà mì dù de hǎi shuǐ xià chén, kě yǐ zài shì jiè hǎi yáng de shēn shuǐ yù fā xiàn. |
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