| The invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily | |
| available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power. Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations. (which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself). As more power plants were constructed throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased. Since the First World War, coal-fired power plants had a combined in the United States each year. In 1986 such plants had a combined generating capacity of 289,000 megawatts and consumed 83 percent of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of nuclear power and in the supply of oil and natural gas, coal-fired power plants could well provide up to 70 percent of the electric power in the United States by the end of the century. Yet, in spite of the fact that coal has long been a source of electricity and may remain on for many years(coal represents about 80 percent of United States fossil-fuel reserves), it has actually never been the most desirable fossil fuel for power plants. Coal contains less energy per unit of weight than weight than natural gas or oil; it is difficult to transport, and it is associated with a host of environmental issues, among them acid rain. Since the late 1960's problems of emission control and waste disposal have sharply reduced the appeal of coal-fired power plants. The cost of ameliorating these environment problems along with the rising cost of building a facility as large and complex as a coal-fired power plant, have also made such plants less attractive from a purely economic perspective. Changes in the technological base of coal-fired power plants could restore their attractiveness, however. Whereas some of these changes are intended mainly to increase the productivity of existing plants, completely new technologies for burning coal cleanly are also being developed. | |
| 托马斯 ·爱迪生 1879 年发明的白炽灯导致对便宜、易得、可生产大量电能的燃料的需求。 煤似乎符合这个要求，并成为第一批电厂的燃料(正是爱迪生本人在 19 世纪末建造了第一批电厂)。 全国到处兴建电厂时，对煤的依赖加深了。 自第一次世界大战以来，美国每年约有一半的电力是以煤为燃料的电厂提供的。 1986 年这些电厂的总发电能力达到28，900 千瓦并且消耗了当年全国开采的九亿吨煤的 83%。 考虑到核能发展以及石油、天然气供应中的不确定因素，到本世纪末，火力发电厂仍可能为美国提供多达 70%的电力。 然而，尽管煤长期以来一直是电力的原料之一并且可能会继续如此(煤占美国化石燃料储量的 80%)，它却不是电厂的理想燃料。 煤的单位能量含量低于石油和天然气，而且会导致包括酸雨在内的一系列环境问题。 从 1960 年以来，排放控制和垃圾处理的问题极大地削弱了燃煤电厂的魅力。 由于减轻这些环境问题需要大量资金，而且建造庞大复杂的燃煤电厂的费用不断上涨，也使得这些电厂从经济角度上不具备吸引力。 改变火力发电厂的基础技术却可能恢复它们的吸引力。 虽然某些技术改进是渐进的，其目的只是提高现有电厂的生产率，但人们正在开发全新的清洁燃煤的技术。 |
| The invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily | |
| available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power. Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations. which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself. As more power plants were constructed throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased. Since the First World War, coalfired power plants had a combined in the United States each year. In 1986 such plants had a combined generating capacity of 289, 000 megawatts and consumed 83 percent of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of nuclear power and in the supply of oil and natural gas, coalfired power plants could well provide up to 70 percent of the electric power in the United States by the end of the century. Yet, in spite of the fact that coal has long been a source of electricity and may remain on for many years coal represents about 80 percent of United States fossilfuel reserves, it has actually never been the most desirable fossil fuel for power plants. Coal contains less energy per unit of weight than weight than natural gas or oil it is difficult to transport, and it is associated with a host of environmental issues, among them acid rain. Since the late 1960' s problems of emission control and waste disposal have sharply reduced the appeal of coalfired power plants. The cost of ameliorating these environment problems along with the rising cost of building a facility as large and complex as a coalfired power plant, have also made such plants less attractive from a purely economic perspective. Changes in the technological base of coalfired power plants could restore their attractiveness, however. Whereas some of these changes are intended mainly to increase the productivity of existing plants, completely new technologies for burning coal cleanly are also being developed. | |
| tuo ma si ai di sheng 1879 nian fa ming de bai chi deng dao zhi dui pian yi yi de ke sheng chan da liang dian neng de ran liao de xu qiu. mei si hu fu he zhe ge yao qiu, bing cheng wei di yi pi dian chang de ran liao zheng shi ai di sheng ben ren zai 19 shi ji mo jian zao le di yi pi dian chang. quan guo dao chu xing jian dian chang shi, dui mei de yi lai jia shen le. zi di yi ci shi jie da zhan yi lai, mei guo mei nian yue you yi ban de dian li shi yi mei wei ran liao de dian chang ti gong de. 1986 nian zhei xie dian chang de zong fa dian neng li da dao 28, 900 qian wa bing qie xiao hao liao dang nian quan guo kai cai de jiu yi dun mei de 83. kao lv dao he neng fa zhan yi ji shi you tian ran qi gong ying zhong de bu que ding yin su, dao ben shi ji mo, huo li fa dian chang reng ke neng wei mei guo ti gong duo da 70 de dian li. ran er, jin guan mei chang qi yi lai yi zhi shi dian li de yuan liao zhi yi bing qie ke neng hui ji xu ru ci mei zhan mei guo hua shi ran liao chu liang de 80, ta que bu shi dian chang de li xiang ran liao. mei de dan wei neng liang han liang di yu shi you he tian ran qi, er qie hui dao zhi bao kuo suan yu zai nei de yi xi lie huan jing wen ti. cong 1960 nian yi lai, pai fang kong zhi he la ji chu li de wen ti ji da di xue ruo le ran mei dian chang de mei li. you yu jian qing zhei xie huan jing wen ti xu yao da liang zi jin, er qie jian zao pang da fu za de ran mei dian chang de fei yong bu duan shang zhang, ye shi de zhei xie dian chang cong jing ji jiao du shang bu ju bei xi yin li. gai bian huo li fa dian chang de ji chu ji shu que ke neng hui fu ta men de xi yin li. sui ran mou xie ji shu gai jin shi jian jin de, qi mu di zhi shi ti gao xian you dian chang de sheng chan lv, dan ren men zheng zai kai fa quan xin de qing jie ran mei de ji shu. |
| The invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily | |
| available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power. Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations. which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself. As more power plants were constructed throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased. Since the First World War, coalfired power plants had a combined in the United States each year. In 1986 such plants had a combined generating capacity of 289, 000 megawatts and consumed 83 percent of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of nuclear power and in the supply of oil and natural gas, coalfired power plants could well provide up to 70 percent of the electric power in the United States by the end of the century. Yet, in spite of the fact that coal has long been a source of electricity and may remain on for many years coal represents about 80 percent of United States fossilfuel reserves, it has actually never been the most desirable fossil fuel for power plants. Coal contains less energy per unit of weight than weight than natural gas or oil it is difficult to transport, and it is associated with a host of environmental issues, among them acid rain. Since the late 1960' s problems of emission control and waste disposal have sharply reduced the appeal of coalfired power plants. The cost of ameliorating these environment problems along with the rising cost of building a facility as large and complex as a coalfired power plant, have also made such plants less attractive from a purely economic perspective. Changes in the technological base of coalfired power plants could restore their attractiveness, however. Whereas some of these changes are intended mainly to increase the productivity of existing plants, completely new technologies for burning coal cleanly are also being developed. | |
| tuō mǎ sī ài dí shēng 1879 nián fā míng de bái chì dēng dǎo zhì duì pián yí yì dé kě shēng chǎn dà liàng diàn néng de rán liào de xū qiú. méi sì hū fú hé zhè gè yāo qiú, bìng chéng wéi dì yī pī diàn chǎng de rán liào zhèng shì ài dí shēng běn rén zài 19 shì jì mò jiàn zào le dì yī pī diàn chǎng. quán guó dào chù xīng jiàn diàn chǎng shí, duì méi de yī lài jiā shēn le. zì dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn yǐ lái, měi guó měi nián yuē yǒu yī bàn de diàn lì shì yǐ méi wèi rán liào de diàn chǎng tí gōng de. 1986 nián zhèi xiē diàn chǎng de zǒng fā diàn néng lì dá dào 28, 900 qiān wǎ bìng qiě xiāo hào liǎo dàng nián quán guó kāi cǎi de jiǔ yì dūn méi de 83. kǎo lǜ dào hé néng fā zhǎn yǐ jí shí yóu tiān rán qì gōng yìng zhōng de bù què dìng yīn sù, dào běn shì jì mò, huǒ lì fā diàn chǎng réng kě néng wéi měi guó tí gōng duō dá 70 de diàn lì. rán ér, jǐn guǎn méi cháng qī yǐ lái yī zhí shì diàn lì de yuán liào zhī yī bìng qiě kě néng huì jì xù rú cǐ méi zhàn měi guó huà shí rán liào chǔ liàng de 80, tā què bú shì diàn chǎng de lǐ xiǎng rán liào. méi de dān wèi néng liàng hán liàng dī yú shí yóu hé tiān rán qì, ér qiě huì dǎo zhì bāo kuò suān yǔ zài nèi de yī xì liè huán jìng wèn tí. cóng 1960 nián yǐ lái, pái fàng kòng zhì hé lā jī chǔ lǐ de wèn tí jí dà dì xuē ruò le rán méi diàn chǎng de mèi lì. yóu yú jiǎn qīng zhèi xiē huán jìng wèn tí xū yào dà liàng zī jīn, ér qiě jiàn zào páng dà fù zá de rán méi diàn chǎng de fèi yòng bù duàn shàng zhǎng, yě shǐ de zhèi xiē diàn chǎng cóng jīng jì jiǎo dù shàng bù jù bèi xī yǐn lì. gǎi biàn huǒ lì fā diàn chǎng de jī chǔ jì shù què kě néng huī fù tā men de xī yǐn lì. suī rán mǒu xiē jì shù gǎi jìn shì jiàn jìn de, qí mù dì zhǐ shì tí gāo xiàn yǒu diàn chǎng de shēng chǎn lǜ, dàn rén men zhèng zài kāi fā quán xīn de qīng jié rán méi de jì shù. |
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