| An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil war. Crude oil, or petroleum – a dark, thick ooze from the earth – had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850’s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it " Drake's Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for " black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880's refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. | |
| 一种重要的新兴工业--炼油业在国内战争后成长起来。未加工的石油，或原油--一种深色的地下的稠浆--数百年来一直为大众所知，但是人们却很少使用过 它。在十九世纪五十年代，萨缪尔M科尔，宾西法尼亚西部的一位制造商，开始从当地的溢出物中收集石油并将它炼成煤油。与冶炼矿石一样，石油提炼是一个从未 加工的原料中除去杂质的过程。 煤油被用来点灯。它是鲸油的一种便宜的替代品，而鲸油正变得越来越难以获得。不久就产生了对煤油的大量需求。人们开始寻找新的石油供应。 第一口油井为EL瑞克，一个退休的火车检票员所钻得。1859年他开始在宾西法尼亚的泰特斯维尔钻井。整个的这项冒险事业看起来是如此不现实和愚蠢以致旁 观者称之为"鸭子的蠢行"。(译者注：Drake'sFolly,drake在这里意含双关，即指瑞克的名字，又指该词的本义即鸭子。)但当瑞克往下钻至 70英尺(21米)的时候，他发现了石油。他的油井从此每天生产20桶原油。 瑞克成功的消息将石油勘探者们吸引到现场。截止到19世纪60年代早期，这些冒险者为寻找"黑色的金子"钻探遍了整个宾西法尼亚西部。这项繁荣的事业在刺激性和粗犷的西部气氛上可与1848年的加州淘金热相媲美，而且它为勘探者带来了远超过淘金潮的财富。 原油能被提炼成许多产品。多年以来煤油一直是主要的一种产品。它在杂货店中出售由人挨户推销。19世纪八十九十年代炼油者们懂得了生产其它石油产品，如蜡和润滑油。那时石油还没有被用来制造汽油或采暖装置用油。 |
| An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil war. Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850' s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it " Drake' s Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet 21 meters, Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drake' s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860' s these wildcatters were drilling for " black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and doortodoor. In the 1880' s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. | |
| yi zhong zhong yao de xin xing gong ye lian you ye zai guo nei zhan zheng hou cheng zhang qi lai. wei jia gong de shi you, huo yuan you yi zhong shen se de di xia de chou jiang shu bai nian lai yi zhi wei da zhong suo zhi, dan shi ren men que hen shao shi yong guo ta. zai shi jiu shi ji wu shi nian dai, sa mou er M ke er, bin xi fa ni ya xi bu de yi wei zhi zao shang, kai shi cong dang di de yi chu wu zhong shou ji shi you bing jiang ta lian cheng mei you. yu ye lian kuang shi yi yang, shi you ti lian shi yi ge cong wei jia gong de yuan liao zhong chu qu za zhi di guo cheng. mei you bei yong lai dian deng. ta shi jing you de yi zhong pian yi de ti dai pin, er jing you zheng bian de yue lai yue nan yi huo de. bu jiu jiu chan sheng le dui mei you de da liang xu qiu. ren men kai shi xun zhao xin de shi you gong ying. di yi kou you jing wei EL rui ke, yi ge tui xiu de huo che jian piao yuan suo zuan de. 1859 nian ta kai shi zai bin xi fa ni ya de tai te si wei er zuan jing. zheng ge de zhe xiang mao xian shi ye kan qi lai shi ru ci bu xian shi he yu chun yi zhi pang guan zhe cheng zhi wei" ya zi de chun xing". yi zhe zhu: Drake' sFolly, drake zai zhe li yi han shuang guan, ji zhi rui ke de ming zi, you zhi gai ci de ben yi ji ya zi. dan dang rui ke wang xia zuan zhi 70 ying chi 21 mi de shi hou, ta fa xian le shi you. ta de you jing cong ci mei tian sheng chan 20 tong yuan you. rui ke cheng gong de xiao xi jiang shi you kan tan zhe men xi yin dao xian chang. jie zhi dao 19 shi ji 60 nian dai zao qi, zhei xie mao xian zhe wei xun zhao" hei se de jin zi" zuan tan bian le zheng ge bin xi fa ni ya xi bu. zhe xiang fan rong de shi ye zai ci ji xing he cu guang de xi bu qi fen shang ke yu 1848 nian de jia zhou tao jin re xiang pi mei, er qie ta wei kan tan zhe dai lai le yuan chao guo tao jin chao de cai fu. yuan you neng bei ti lian cheng xu duo chan pin. duo nian yi lai mei you yi zhi shi zhu yao de yi zhong chan pin. ta zai za huo dian zhong chu shou you ren ai hu tui xiao. 19 shi ji ba shi jiu shi nian dai lian you zhe men dong de le sheng chan qi ta shi you chan pin, ru la he run hua you. na shi shi you hai mei you bei yong lai zhi zao qi you huo cai nuan zhuang zhi yong you. |
| An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil war. Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850' s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it " Drake' s Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet 21 meters, Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drake' s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860' s these wildcatters were drilling for " black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and doortodoor. In the 1880' s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. | |
| yī zhǒng zhòng yào de xīn xīng gōng yè liàn yóu yè zài guó nèi zhàn zhēng hòu chéng zhǎng qǐ lái. wèi jiā gōng de shí yóu, huò yuán yóu yī zhǒng shēn sè de dì xià de chóu jiāng shù bǎi nián lái yī zhí wèi dà zhòng suǒ zhī, dàn shì rén men què hěn shǎo shǐ yòng guò tā. zài shí jiǔ shì jì wǔ shí nián dài, sà móu ěr M kē ěr, bīn xī fǎ ní yà xī bù de yī wèi zhì zào shāng, kāi shǐ cóng dāng dì de yì chū wù zhōng shōu jí shí yóu bìng jiāng tā liàn chéng méi yóu. yǔ yě liàn kuàng shí yí yàng, shí yóu tí liàn shì yí gè cóng wèi jiā gōng de yuán liào zhōng chú qù zá zhì dì guò chéng. méi yóu bèi yòng lái diǎn dēng. tā shì jīng yóu de yī zhǒng pián yí de tì dài pǐn, ér jīng yóu zhèng biàn de yuè lái yuè nán yǐ huò dé. bù jiǔ jiù chǎn shēng le duì méi yóu de dà liàng xū qiú. rén men kāi shǐ xún zhǎo xīn de shí yóu gōng yìng. dì yī kǒu yóu jǐng wèi EL ruì kè, yí gè tuì xiū de huǒ chē jiǎn piào yuán suǒ zuān dé. 1859 nián tā kāi shǐ zài bīn xī fǎ ní yà de tài tè sī wéi ěr zuàn jǐng. zhěng gè de zhè xiàng mào xiǎn shì yè kàn qǐ lái shì rú cǐ bù xiàn shí hé yú chǔn yǐ zhì páng guān zhě chēng zhī wéi" yā zǐ de chǔn xíng". yì zhě zhù: Drake' sFolly, drake zài zhè lǐ yì hán shuāng guān, jí zhǐ ruì kè de míng zì, yòu zhǐ gāi cí de běn yì jí yā zǐ. dàn dāng ruì kè wǎng xià zuān zhì 70 yīng chǐ 21 mǐ de shí hòu, tā fā xiàn le shí yóu. tā de yóu jǐng cóng cǐ měi tiān shēng chǎn 20 tǒng yuán yóu. ruì kè chéng gōng de xiāo xī jiāng shí yóu kān tàn zhě men xī yǐn dào xiàn chǎng. jié zhǐ dào 19 shì jì 60 nián dài zǎo qī, zhèi xiē mào xiǎn zhě wèi xún zhǎo" hēi sè de jīn zi" zuān tàn biàn le zhěng gè bīn xī fǎ ní yà xī bù. zhè xiàng fán róng de shì yè zài cì jī xìng hé cū guǎng de xī bù qì fēn shàng kě yǔ 1848 nián de jiā zhōu táo jīn rè xiāng pì měi, ér qiě tā wèi kān tàn zhě dài lái le yuǎn chāo guò táo jīn cháo de cái fù. yuán yóu néng bèi tí liàn chéng xǔ duō chǎn pǐn. duō nián yǐ lái méi yóu yī zhí shì zhǔ yào de yī zhǒng chǎn pǐn. tā zài zá huò diàn zhōng chū shòu yóu rén āi hù tuī xiāo. 19 shì jì bā shí jiǔ shí nián dài liàn yóu zhě men dǒng de le shēng chǎn qí tā shí yóu chǎn pǐn, rú là hé rùn huá yóu. nà shí shí yóu hái méi yǒu bèi yòng lái zhì zào qì yóu huò cǎi nuǎn zhuāng zhì yòng yóu. |
YouTube搜索结果 (转至YouTube)