| The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. | |
| 当今时代是电气时代。 人们对电灯、收音机、电视和电话早已司空见惯以致很难想象没有它们生活会变成什么样。 当停电时，人们在摇曳不定的烛光下暗中摸索； 因没有红绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上迟疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，导致食物变质。人们只是在两个世纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理，自然界却显然在这方面经历 过了数百万年。 科学家不断发现许多生物世界里可能有益于人类的关于电的有趣秘密。所有生物细胞都会发出微小的电脉冲。 当心脏跳动时，把它发出的脉冲记录下来就成了心电图，这可让医生了解心脏的工作状况。大脑也发出脑电波，这可在脑电图上记录下来。 许多生物细胞发出的电流都是极微小的，小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录和测量。 但一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成一个个发电机，以致完全失去肌肉细胞的功能。 这种细胞大量地连接在一起时产生的效果将是非常令人吃惊的。电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。 它可以在水中发出相当于800伏特电压电流(家庭用户的电压只有120伏特)。 在电鳗的身体里，多至五分之四的细胞都专门用来发电，而且发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比。 |
| The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts. As many as fourfifths of all the cells in the electric eel' s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. | |
| dang jin shi dai shi dian qi shi dai. ren men dui dian deng shou yin ji dian shi he dian hua zao yi si kong jian guan yi zhi hen nan xiang xiang mei you ta men sheng huo hui bian cheng shen me yang. dang ting dian shi, ren men zai yao ye bu ding de zhu guang xia an zhong mo suo yin mei you hong lv deng de zhi shi, qi che zai dao lu shang chi yi bu qian bing xiang ye ting zhi gong zuo, dao zhi shi wu bian zhi. ren men zhi shi zai liang ge shi ji qian yi dian cai kai shi liao jie dian de shi yong yuan li, zi ran jie que xian ran zai zhe fang mian jing li guo le shu bai wan nian. ke xue jia bu duan fa xian xu duo sheng wu shi jie li ke neng you yi yu ren lei de guan yu dian de you qu mi mi. suo you sheng wu xi bao dou hui fa chu wei xiao de dian mai chong. dang xin zang tiao dong shi, ba ta fa chu de mai chong ji lu xia lai jiu cheng le xin dian tu, zhe ke rang yi sheng liao jie xin zang de gong zuo zhuang kuang. da nao ye fa chu nao dian bo, zhe ke zai nao dian tu shang ji lu xia lai. xu duo sheng wu xi bao fa chu de dian liu dou shi ji wei xiao de, xiao dao yao yong ling min yi qi cai neng ji lu he ce liang. dan yi xie dong wu de mou xie ji rou xi bao neng zhuan hua cheng yi ge ge fa dian ji, yi zhi wan quan shi qu ji rou xi bao de gong neng. zhe zhong xi bao da liang di lian jie zai yi qi shi chan sheng de xiao guo jiang shi fei chang ling ren chi jing de. dian man jiu shi yi zhong ling ren jing yi de xu dian chi. ta ke yi zai shui zhong fa chu xiang dang yu 800 fu te dian ya dian liu jia ting yong hu de dian ya zhi you 120 fu te. zai dian man de shen ti li, duo zhi wu fen zhi si de xi bao dou zhuan men yong lai fa dian, er qie fa chu de dian liu de qiang du da yue he ta shen ti de chang du cheng zheng bi. |
| The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts. As many as fourfifths of all the cells in the electric eel' s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. | |
| dāng jīn shí dài shì diàn qì shí dài. rén men duì diàn dēng shōu yīn jī diàn shì hé diàn huà zǎo yǐ sī kōng jiàn guàn yǐ zhì hěn nán xiǎng xiàng méi yǒu tā men shēng huó huì biàn chéng shén me yàng. dāng tíng diàn shí, rén men zài yáo yè bù dìng de zhú guāng xià àn zhōng mō suǒ yīn méi yǒu hóng lǜ dēng de zhǐ shì, qì chē zài dào lù shàng chí yí bù qián bīng xiāng yě tíng zhǐ gōng zuò, dǎo zhì shí wù biàn zhì. rén men zhǐ shì zài liǎng gè shì jì qián yì diǎn cái kāi shǐ liǎo jiě diàn de shǐ yòng yuán lǐ, zì rán jiè què xiǎn rán zài zhè fāng miàn jīng lì guò le shù bǎi wàn nián. kē xué jiā bù duàn fà xiàn xǔ duō shēng wù shì jiè lǐ kě néng yǒu yì yú rén lèi de guān yú diàn de yǒu qù mì mì. suǒ yǒu shēng wù xì bāo dōu huì fā chū wēi xiǎo de diàn mài chōng. dāng xīn zàng tiào dòng shí, bǎ tā fā chū de mài chōng jì lù xià lái jiù chéng le xīn diàn tú, zhè kě ràng yī shēng liǎo jiě xīn zàng de gōng zuò zhuàng kuàng. dà nǎo yě fā chū nǎo diàn bō, zhè kě zài nǎo diàn tú shàng jì lù xià lái. xǔ duō shēng wù xì bāo fā chū de diàn liú dōu shì jí wēi xiǎo de, xiǎo dào yào yòng líng mǐn yí qì cái néng jì lù hé cè liáng. dàn yī xiē dòng wù de mǒu xiē jī ròu xì bāo néng zhuǎn huà chéng yí gè gè fā diàn jī, yǐ zhì wán quán shī qù jī ròu xì bāo de gōng néng. zhè zhǒng xì bāo dà liàng dì lián jiē zài yì qǐ shí chǎn shēng de xiào guǒ jiāng shì fēi cháng lìng rén chī jīng de. diàn mán jiù shì yī zhǒng lìng rén jīng yì de xù diàn chí. tā kě yǐ zài shuǐ zhōng fā chū xiāng dāng yú 800 fú tè diàn yā diàn liú jiā tíng yòng hù de diàn yā zhǐ yǒu 120 fú tè. zài diàn mán de shēn tǐ lǐ, duō zhì wǔ fēn zhī sì de xì bāo dōu zhuān mén yòng lái fā diàn, ér qiě fā chū de diàn liú de qiáng dù dà yuē hé tā shēn tǐ de cháng dù chéng zhèng bǐ. |
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