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Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with childcare conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for highconcentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rushhour congestion and improve air quality. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management too must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee' s situation, not the availability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement. That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with workathome programs or policy guidelines remains small. |
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diàn zǐ jiāo tōng yòng diàn nǎo qǔ dài shàng bān de wǎng fǎn zuò wéi duì gè zhǒng gè yàng de bàn gōng shì gōng zuò wèn tí de jiě jué bàn fǎ yǐ shòu dào le huān yíng. duì gōng zuò zhě lái shuō, tā chéng nuò bù shòu bàn gōng shì de yuē shù, gèng shǎo de shí jiān làng fèi zài jiāo tōng shàng hé yǒu zhù yú jiě jué zhào kàn xiǎo hái de máo dùn. duì guǎn lǐ zhě lái shuō, diàn zǐ jiāo tōng yǒu zhù yú wǎn liú gāo xiào lǜ de gōng zuò zhě, tōng guò shěng qù bàn gōng shì yǔ jiā zhī jiān de lái huí wǎng fǎn, dà dà jiǎn shǎo gōng zuò tuō lā hé kuàng gōng, jǐ yǔ guǎn lǐ zhě dú chǔ de shí jiān lái wán chéng xū yào gāo dù jí zhōng jīng shén de rèn wù, wèi guǎn lǐ zhě tí gōng líng huó de shí jiān ān pái. zài yī xiē dì qū, rú nán jiā lì fú ní yà hé xī yǎ tú huá shèng dùn, dì fāng zhèng fǔ gǔ lì gōng sī kāi shǐ diàn zǐ jiāo tōng jì huà yǐ jiǎn shǎo jiāo tōng gāo fēng shí de sāi chē hé tí gāo kōng qì zhì liàng. dàn zhèi xiē yì chù yě lái zhī bù yì. yào shǐ diàn zǐ jiāo tōng chéng gōng xū yào zǐ xì de jì huà bìng qiě lǐ jiě diàn zǐ jiāo tōng de xiàn shí zhuàng kuàng hé liú xíng de xiǎng xiàng zhī jiān de qū bié. xǔ duō gōng zuò zhě bèi diàn zǐ jiāo tōng de měi hǎo huàn xiǎng suǒ mí huò. yī wèi diàn nǎo chéng xù shè jì yuán cóng niǔ yuē shì bān dào le níng jìng de ā dì lún dá kè shān, yòng diàn nǎo bǎo chí yǔ tā bàn gōng shì zhī jiān de lián xì. yī wèi jīng lǐ yī zhōu sān tiān dào bàn gōng shì, qí tā liǎng tiān zài jiā gōng zuò yī wèi kuài jì shī zài jiā zhào gù tā shēng bìng de hái zi, jiē tōng diàn huà tiáo zhì jiě tiáo qì de jiē tóu, zài tóng yī shēng tōng huà zhī yú wán chéng bàn gōng shì gōng zuò. zhèi xiē shì hěn yǒu zhèn hàn lì de qíng jǐng, dàn yě shì duì xiàn shí yǒu xiàn de fǎn yìng. diàn zǐ jiāo tōng zhě hěn kuài fā xiàn zài tóng yī shí jiān zhuān zhù gōng zuò hé zhào kàn xiǎo hái jī hū shì bù kě néng de. zài mǒu gè nián líng zhī qián, xiǎo hái zi bù kě néng yì shí dào, gèng bù kě néng zūn zhòng gōng zuò yǔ jiā tíng zhī jiān de jiè xiàn. rú guǒ jiā zhǎng yào wán chéng gōng zuò, jiù bì xū lìng wài zhào kàn xiǎo hái. guǎn lǐ jiē céng bì xū bǎ xiàn shí tóng shén huà fēn kāi. suī rán chuán méi duì diàn zǐ jiāo tōng tóu rù le jí dà de guān zhù, dàn zài hěn dà chéng dù shàng, shì yuán gōng de shí jì qíng kuàng ér bú shì jì shù de kě néng xìng cù chéng diàn zǐ jiāo tōng de ān pái. zhè jiù shì wèi shí me jǐn guǎn yǒu guǎng fàn de bào dǎo, jù yǒu zài jiā gōng zuò xiàng mù huò xíng dòng gāng lǐng de gōng sī shù mù yī rán hěn shǎo de bù fèn yuán yīn. |