| Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability, the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true. | |
| 睡眠是古老的。 从脑电图上看，我们人类和所有灵长目动物以及几乎所有的哺乳动物和鸟类都一样需要睡眠；甚至爬行类动物也有睡眠。 有证据显示，有梦睡眠和无梦睡眠这两种类型的睡眠取决于该动物的生活方式。 从统计上看，食肉动物比被捕食动物有更多的有梦睡眠，而被捕食动物更多地无梦睡眠。 动物在有梦睡眠时，被有效地解除动作能力，并且对外界刺激缺乏反应。 无梦睡眠则要浅得多。 我们都看到过猫和狗在显然的酣睡中，有一点响动耳朵就会竖起来。 被捕食动物很少有深度的有梦睡眠，这看来显然是自然选择的结果。 而且这一点是有道理的：当睡眠高度进化以后，愚笨的动物比聪明的动物更少在深度睡眠状态下丧失动作能力。 但是动物为什么要进入深度睡眠呢?为什么这样的无动作状态也会进化出来呢? 海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都极少，这一事实可以给睡眠的根本功能提供有用的线索。 海洋中是没有藏身之处的。 会不会是这样，睡眠不但不增加动物受伤害的可能性，反而是减少了这种可能性呢?佛罗里达大学的Wilse Webb和伦敦大学的Ray Meddis认为情况就是如此。 可以想像得出，在危险的时刻，那些由于太愚笨而不能自动保持安静的动物，会不由自主地变得动弹不得。 这一点在食肉动物的幼兽身上表现得特别明显。 这是一个很有意思的看法，它至少部分是正确的。 |
| Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the lifestyle of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal' s vulnerability, the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true. | |
| shui mian shi gu lao de. cong nao dian tu shang kan, wo men ren lei he suo you ling zhang mu dong wu yi ji ji hu suo you de bu ru dong wu he niao lei dou yi yang xu yao shui mian shen zhi pa xing lei dong wu ye you shui mian. you zheng ju xian shi, you meng shui mian he wu meng shui mian zhe liang zhong lei xing de shui mian qu jue yu gai dong wu de sheng huo fang shi. cong tong ji shang kan, shi rou dong wu bi bei bu shi dong wu you geng duo de you meng shui mian, er bei bu shi dong wu geng duo di wu meng shui mian. dong wu zai you meng shui mian shi, bei you xiao di jie chu dong zuo neng li, bing qie dui wai jie ci ji que fa fan ying. wu meng shui mian ze yao qian de duo. wo men dou kan dao guo mao he gou zai xian ran de han shui zhong, you yi dian xiang dong er duo jiu hui shu qi lai. bei bu shi dong wu hen shao you shen du de you meng shui mian, zhe kan lai xian ran shi zi ran xuan ze de jie guo. er qie zhe yi dian shi you dao li de: dang shui mian gao du jin hua yi hou, yu ben de dong wu bi cong ming de dong wu geng shao zai shen du shui mian zhuang tai xia sang shi dong zuo neng li. dan shi dong wu wei shi me yao jin ru shen du shui mian ne? wei shi me zhe yang de wu dong zuo zhuang tai ye hui jin hua chu lai ne? hai tun jing yu yi ji shui sheng bu ru dong wu shui mian dou ji shao, zhe yi shi shi ke yi gei shui mian de gen ben gong neng ti gong you yong de xian suo. hai yang zhong shi mei you cang shen zhi chu de. hui bu hui shi zhe yang, shui mian bu dan bu zeng jia dong wu shou shang hai de ke neng xing, fan er shi jian shao le zhe zhong ke neng xing ne? fo luo li da da xue de Wilse Webb he lun dun da xue de Ray Meddis ren wei qing kuang jiu shi ru ci. ke yi xiang xiang de chu, zai wei xian de shi ke, nei xie you yu tai yu ben er bu neng zi dong bao chi an jing de dong wu, hui bu you zi zhu di bian de dong tan bu de. zhe yi dian zai shi rou dong wu de you shou shen shang biao xian de te bie ming xian. zhe shi yi ge hen you yi si de kan fa, ta zhi shao bu fen shi zheng que de. |
| Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the lifestyle of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal' s vulnerability, the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true. | |
| shuì mián shì gǔ lǎo de. cóng nǎo diàn tú shàng kàn, wǒ men rén lèi hé suǒ yǒu líng zhǎng mù dòng wù yǐ jí jī hū suǒ yǒu de bǔ rǔ dòng wù hé niǎo lèi dōu yí yàng xū yào shuì mián shèn zhì pá xíng lèi dòng wù yě yǒu shuì mián. yǒu zhèng jù xiǎn shì, yǒu mèng shuì mián hé wú mèng shuì mián zhè liǎng zhǒng lèi xíng de shuì mián qǔ jué yú gāi dòng wù de shēng huó fāng shì. cóng tǒng jì shàng kàn, shí ròu dòng wù bǐ bèi bǔ shí dòng wù yǒu gèng duō de yǒu mèng shuì mián, ér bèi bǔ shí dòng wù gèng duō dì wú mèng shuì mián. dòng wù zài yǒu mèng shuì mián shí, bèi yǒu xiào dì jiě chú dòng zuò néng lì, bìng qiě duì wài jiè cì jī quē fá fǎn yìng. wú mèng shuì mián zé yào qiǎn dé duō. wǒ men dōu kàn dào guò māo hé gǒu zài xiǎn rán de hān shuì zhōng, yǒu yì diǎn xiǎng dòng ěr duǒ jiù huì shù qǐ lái. bèi bǔ shí dòng wù hěn shǎo yǒu shēn dù de yǒu mèng shuì mián, zhè kàn lái xiǎn rán shì zì rán xuǎn zé de jié guǒ. ér qiě zhè yì diǎn shì yǒu dào li de: dāng shuì mián gāo dù jìn huà yǐ hòu, yú bèn de dòng wù bǐ cōng míng de dòng wù gèng shǎo zài shēn dù shuì mián zhuàng tài xià sàng shī dòng zuò néng lì. dàn shì dòng wù wèi shí me yào jìn rù shēn dù shuì mián ne? wèi shí me zhè yàng de wú dòng zuò zhuàng tài yě huì jìn huà chū lái ne? hǎi tún jīng yú yǐ jí shuǐ shēng bǔ rǔ dòng wù shuì mián dōu jí shǎo, zhè yī shì shí kě yǐ gěi shuì mián de gēn běn gōng néng tí gōng yǒu yòng de xiàn suǒ. hǎi yáng zhōng shì méi yǒu cáng shēn zhī chù de. huì bú huì shì zhè yàng, shuì mián bù dàn bù zēng jiā dòng wù shòu shāng hài de kě néng xìng, fǎn ér shì jiǎn shǎo le zhè zhǒng kě néng xìng ne? fó luó lǐ dá dà xué de Wilse Webb hé lún dūn dà xué de Ray Meddis rèn wéi qíng kuàng jiù shì rú cǐ. kě yǐ xiǎng xiàng dé chū, zài wēi xiǎn de shí kè, nèi xiē yóu yú tài yú bèn ér bù néng zì dòng bǎo chí ān jìng de dòng wù, huì bù yóu zì zhǔ dì biàn de dòng tan bù dé. zhè yì diǎn zài shí ròu dòng wù de yòu shòu shēn shàng biǎo xiàn dé tè bié míng xiǎn. zhè shì yí gè hěn yǒu yì sī de kàn fǎ, tā zhì shǎo bù fèn shì zhèng què de. |
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