| In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist's predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, 'Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.' Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. | |
| 在科学中，理论是对所观察到的相关事件的合理解释。 理论通常包含一个虚构的模型，这个模型帮助科学家构想所观察到的事件是如何发生的。 分子运动理论便是我们能找到的一个很好的例子。 在这个理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不断运动的小颗粒组成。 一个有用的理论，除了能够解释过去的观测，还有助于预测那些未被观测到的事件。 一个理论公开后，科学家们设计实验来检验这个理论。 如果观察证实了科学家的预言，这个理论则得到了验证。 如果观察不能证实科学家的预言，科学家就必须进一步的研究。 或许是实验存在错误，或许是这个理论必须被修改或抛弃。 科学家除了收集信息和操作实验外还需要想象能力和创/造性思维。 事实本身并不是科学。 正如数学家乔斯亨利波恩克尔所说："科学建立在事实之上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。 但事实的收集不能被称作科学，就像一堆砖不能被叫作房子一样。 "多数科学家通过找出别的科学家在一个特定问题上的所知来开始研究。在收集了已知事实之后，科学家开始了研究中需要相当想像力的部分。 他们尔后拟订对这个问题的可行的解决方法。这些可行的解决方式被称为假设。 在某种意义上，任何假设都是向未知的跳跃。它使科学家的思维超越已知事实。科学家计划实验、计算、观测以检验假定。若没有假设，进一步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。 当假设被证实了，就成为理论的一部分。 |
| In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist' s predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, ' Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.' Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist' s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. | |
| zai ke xue zhong, li lun shi dui suo guan cha dao de xiang guan shi jian de he li jie shi. li lun tong chang bao han yi ge xu gou de mo xing, zhe ge mo xing bang zhu ke xue jia gou xiang suo guan cha dao de shi jian shi ru he fa sheng de. fen zi yun dong li lun bian shi wo men neng zhao dao de yi ge hen hao de li zi. zai zhe ge li lun zhong, qi ti bei miao hui cheng you xu duo bu duan yun dong de xiao ke li zu cheng. yi ge you yong de li lun, chu le neng gou jie shi guo qu de guan ce, hai you zhu yu yu ce nei xie wei bei guan ce dao de shi jian. yi ge li lun gong kai hou, ke xue jia men she ji shi yan lai jian yan zhe ge li lun. ru guo guan cha zheng shi le ke xue jia de yu yan, zhe ge li lun ze de dao le yan zheng. ru guo guan cha bu neng zheng shi ke xue jia de yu yan, ke xue jia jiu bi xu jin yi bu de yan jiu. huo xu shi shi yan cun zai cuo wu, huo xu shi zhe ge li lun bi xu bei xiu gai huo pao qi. ke xue jia chu le shou ji xin xi he cao zuo shi yan wai hai xu yao xiang xiang neng li he chuang zao xing si wei. shi shi ben shen bing bu shi ke xue. zheng ru shu xue jia qiao si heng li bo en ke er suo shuo:" ke xue jian li zai shi shi zhi shang, jiu xiang fang zi yong zhuan qi cheng yi yang. dan shi shi de shou ji bu neng bei cheng zuo ke xue, jiu xiang yi dui zhuan bu neng bei jiao zuo fang zi yi yang. " duo shu ke xue jia tong guo zhao chu bie de ke xue jia zai yi ge te ding wen ti shang de suo zhi lai kai shi yan jiu. zai shou ji le yi zhi shi shi zhi hou, ke xue jia kai shi le yan jiu zhong xu yao xiang dang xiang xiang li de bu fen. ta men er hou ni ding dui zhe ge wen ti de ke xing de jie jue fang fa. zhei xie ke xing de jie jue fang shi bei cheng wei jia she. zai mou zhong yi yi shang, ren he jia she dou shi xiang wei zhi de tiao yue. ta shi ke xue jia de si wei chao yue yi zhi shi shi. ke xue jia ji hua shi yan ji suan guan ce yi jian yan jia ding. ruo mei you jia she, jin yi bu de yan jiu bian que fa mu di he fang xiang. dang jia she bei zheng shi le, jiu cheng wei li lun de yi bu fen. |
| In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist' s predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, ' Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.' Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist' s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. | |
| zài kē xué zhōng, lǐ lùn shì duì suǒ guān chá dào de xiāng guān shì jiàn de hé lǐ jiě shì. lǐ lùn tōng cháng bāo hán yí gè xū gòu de mó xíng, zhè gè mó xíng bāng zhù kē xué jiā gòu xiǎng suǒ guān chá dào de shì jiàn shì rú hé fā shēng de. fèn zǐ yùn dòng lǐ lùn biàn shì wǒ men néng zhǎo dào de yí gè hěn hǎo de lì zi. zài zhè gè lǐ lùn zhōng, qì tǐ bèi miáo huì chéng yóu xǔ duō bù duàn yùn dòng de xiǎo kē lì zǔ chéng. yí gè yǒu yòng de lǐ lùn, chú le néng gòu jiě shì guò qù de guān cè, hái yǒu zhù yú yù cè nèi xiē wèi bèi guān cè dào de shì jiàn. yí gè lǐ lùn gōng kāi hòu, kē xué jiā men shè jì shí yàn lái jiǎn yàn zhè gè lǐ lùn. rú guǒ guān chá zhèng shí le kē xué jiā de yù yán, zhè gè lǐ lùn zé dé dào le yàn zhèng. rú guǒ guān chá bù néng zhèng shí kē xué jiā de yù yán, kē xué jiā jiù bì xū jìn yī bù de yán jiū. huò xǔ shì shí yàn cún zài cuò wù, huò xǔ shì zhè gè lǐ lùn bì xū bèi xiū gǎi huò pāo qì. kē xué jiā chú le shōu jí xìn xī hé cāo zuò shí yàn wài hái xū yào xiǎng xiàng néng lì hé chuàng zào xìng sī wéi. shì shí běn shēn bìng bú shì kē xué. zhèng rú shù xué jiā qiáo sī hēng lì bō ēn kè ěr suǒ shuō:" kē xué jiàn lì zài shì shí zhī shàng, jiù xiàng fáng zi yòng zhuān qì chéng yí yàng. dàn shì shí de shōu jí bù néng bèi chēng zuò kē xué, jiù xiàng yī duī zhuān bù néng bèi jiào zuò fáng zi yí yàng. " duō shù kē xué jiā tōng guò zhǎo chū bié de kē xué jiā zài yí gè tè dìng wèn tí shàng de suǒ zhī lái kāi shǐ yán jiū. zài shōu jí le yǐ zhī shì shí zhī hòu, kē xué jiā kāi shǐ le yán jiū zhōng xū yào xiāng dāng xiǎng xiàng lì de bù fèn. tā men ěr hòu nǐ dìng duì zhè gè wèn tí de kě xíng de jiě jué fāng fǎ. zhèi xiē kě xíng de jiě jué fāng shì bèi chēng wéi jiǎ shè. zài mǒu zhǒng yì yì shàng, rèn hé jiǎ shè dōu shì xiàng wèi zhī de tiào yuè. tā shǐ kē xué jiā de sī wéi chāo yuè yǐ zhī shì shí. kē xué jiā jì huà shí yàn jì suàn guān cè yǐ jiǎn yàn jiǎ dìng. ruò méi yǒu jiǎ shè, jìn yī bù de yán jiū biàn quē fá mù dì hé fāng xiàng. dāng jiǎ shè bèi zhèng shí le, jiù chéng wéi lǐ lùn de yī bù fen. |
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