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In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa , the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist' goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain' s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon through treaties. Britain built coalitions not dissimilar in concept to today' s NATO guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home. French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a threetotwo advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain' s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain' s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack. |
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zài 18 shì jì hòu qī, zhàn zhēng bào fā yú ōu zhōu dà lù de jī hū měi yí gè jiǎo luò, zài zhōng dōng nán fēi xī yìn dù qún dǎo lā dīng měi zhōu yì dōu shì rú cǐ. rán ér shí jì shang, zài zhè yī shí qī zhǐ yǒu yī chǎng zhǔ yào de zhàn zhēng, nà jiù shì yīng fǎ zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng. suǒ yǒu qí tā zhàn zhēng dōu fú cóng yú zhè yī gēng dà de zhēng duān, zhì shǎo shì yǔ zhè liǎng gè duì shǒu de mù biāo hé zhàn lüè yǒu mǒu xiē guān lián. fǎ guó lì tú tǒng zhì zhěng gè ōu zhōu, ér yīng guó de zì zhǔ jí qí lì tú zài zhěng gè ōu zhōu dà lù cuò bài ná pò lún de zhǒng zhǒng nǔ lì dōu shì fǎ guó shí xiàn zhè yī mù biāo dì zhàng ài. yīng guó tōng guò tiáo yuē jiàn lì le lián méng hé jīn tiān běi yuē de gài niàn méi yǒu shén me bù tóng yǐ bǎo zhèng yīng guó chā shǒu suǒ yǒu ōu zhōu de zhǔ yào zhēng duān. zhè liǎng gè duì tóu bìng bú shì yī duì hǎo duì shǒu, yīn wèi tā men de lì liàng jí bù jūn héng: fǎ lán xī zài lù dì shàng chēng wáng, yīng gé lán zé zài hǎi shàng chēng bà. fǎ guó rén míng bái, rú guǒ bù néng jī bài yīng guó hǎi jūn, tā men shèng lì de wéi yī xī wàng jiù shì ràng ōu zhōu de suǒ yǒu gǎng kǒu dōu duì yīng guó jiàn chuán guān bì. yú shì, fǎ guó jiāng qí jūn shì zhàn lǐng cóng mò sī kē yán shēn dào lǐ sī běn, cóng yóu tè lán yán shēn dào kǎ lā bù lǐ yà, qǐ tú yǐ cǐ lái zhì fú yīng guó. suǒ yǒu zhèi xiē xíng dòng bāo hán zhe jù dà de fēng xiǎn, yīn wèi fǎ guó bìng bù jù bèi zú gòu de jūn shì zī yuán, lái kòng zhì zhè me duō dì pán, tóng shí yòu néng bǎo hù zì jǐ, wéi chí guó nèi de zhì xù. fǎ guó zhàn lüè jiā men de suàn pán shì, qí hǎi jūn ruò yōng yǒu 150 sōu jūn jiàn, zé jiāng zú yǐ jī kuà yīng guó hǎi jūn. zhè yàng de wǔ lì jiāng shǐ fǎ guó duì yīng guó jù yǒu 3 bǐ 2 de yōu shì. zhè zhǒng yōu shì bèi rèn wéi shì bì bù kě shǎo de, yīn wèi yīng guó rén jù yǒu chāo qún de hǎi shàng jì néng hé jì shù, bìng qiě dǎ de shì yī chǎng fáng yù zhàn zhēng, shǐ tā néng yǐ shǎo shèng duō. ná pò lún cóng wèi wàng què tā de mù biāo, yīn wèi yīng guó shì tā tǒng zhì quán ōu de zuì hòu yí gè zhòng dà de zhàng ài. suí zhe tā de lì liàng yuè lái yuè kào jìn zhè gè mù biāo, ná pò lún biàn de yuè lái yuè bù nài fán qǐ lái, kāi shǐ cè huà lì jí gōng jī. |