| Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. | |
| 标准用法包括那些为使用这种语言的大多数人在任何场合下理解、使用和接受的词和短语，而不论该场合是否正式。 这些词和短语的意义已很确定并被列入了标准词典中。 相反，俗语是指那些几乎所有讲这种语言的人都理解并在非正式的口头或书面中使用，却不适用于更正规的一些场合的词和短语。 几乎所有的习惯用语都属于俗语，而俚语指的是为很多讲这种语言的人理解但大多数人不把它们列入好的、正式用法之内的词和短语；俗语甚至俚语都可能在标准字 典中查到，但是字典中会标明它们的性质。 俗语和俚语词汇的应用都是口头较多、笔头较少。俗语用法经常地被接受为标准用法。 一些俚语也变成了标准用法，但另外一些俚语只经历了短暂的流行，而后就被弃之不用了。 有时候，多数人从来不接受某些俚语，但是他们把这些俚语保存到集中记忆中。 每一代人似乎都需要独有的一套词汇来描述熟知的物体和事件。 很多语言学家指出，大量俚语的形成需要三个文化条件：第一，对社会中新事物的引入和接受；第二，一个由大量子群构成的多样化人口；第三，各子群与多数人口 之间的联系。最后需要提到的是，"标准语"、"俗语"和"俚语"这些术语只是对研究语言的专家才有用的抽象标签。 不论何种语言，只会有很小一部分使用者能够意识到他们是在使用俗语或俚语。 讲英语的多数人能够在适当的场合中选择使用所有这三种语言类型。 |
| Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms " standard" " colloquial" and " slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. | |
| biao zhun yong fa bao kuo nei xie wei shi yong zhe zhong yu yan de da duo shu ren zai ren he chang he xia li jie shi yong he jie shou de ci he duan yu, er bu lun gai chang he shi fou zheng shi. zhei xie ci he duan yu de yi yi yi hen que ding bing bei lie ru le biao zhun ci dian zhong. xiang fan, su yu shi zhi nei xie ji hu suo you jiang zhe zhong yu yan de ren dou li jie bing zai fei zheng shi de kou tou huo shu mian zhong shi yong, que bu shi yong yu geng zheng gui de yi xie chang he de ci he duan yu. ji hu suo you de xi guan yong yu dou shu yu su yu, er li yu zhi de shi wei hen duo jiang zhe zhong yu yan de ren li jie dan da duo shu ren bu ba ta men lie ru hao de zheng shi yong fa zhi nei de ci he duan yu su yu shen zhi li yu dou ke neng zai biao zhun zi dian zhong cha dao, dan shi zi dian zhong hui biao ming ta men de xing zhi. su yu he li yu ci hui de ying yong dou shi kou tou jiao duo bi tou jiao shao. su yu yong fa jing chang di bei jie shou wei biao zhun yong fa. yi xie li yu ye bian cheng le biao zhun yong fa, dan ling wai yi xie li yu zhi jing li le duan zan de liu xing, er hou jiu bei qi zhi bu yong le. you shi hou, duo shu ren cong lai bu jie shou mou xie li yu, dan shi ta men ba zhei xie li yu bao cun dao ji zhong ji yi zhong. mei yi dai ren si hu dou xu yao du you de yi tao ci hui lai miao shu shu zhi de wu ti he shi jian. hen duo yu yan xue jia zhi chu, da liang li yu de xing cheng xu yao san ge wen hua tiao jian: di yi, dui she hui zhong xin shi wu de yin ru he jie shou di er, yi ge you da liang zi qun gou cheng de duo yang hua ren kou di san, ge zi qun yu duo shu ren kou zhi jian de lian xi. zui hou xu yao ti dao de shi," biao zhun yu"" su yu" he" li yu" zhei xie shu yu zhi shi dui yan jiu yu yan de zhuan jia cai you yong de chou xiang biao qian. bu lun he zhong yu yan, zhi hui you hen xiao yi bu fen shi yong zhe neng gou yi shi dao ta men shi zai shi yong su yu huo li yu. jiang ying yu de duo shu ren neng gou zai shi dang de chang he zhong xuan ze shi yong suo you zhe san zhong yu yan lei xing. |
| Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms " standard" " colloquial" and " slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. | |
| biāo zhǔn yòng fǎ bāo kuò nèi xiē wèi shǐ yòng zhè zhǒng yǔ yán de dà duō shù rén zài rèn hé chǎng hé xià lǐ jiě shǐ yòng hé jiē shòu de cí hé duǎn yǔ, ér bù lùn gāi chǎng hé shì fǒu zhèng shì. zhèi xiē cí hé duǎn yǔ de yì yì yǐ hěn què dìng bìng bèi liè rù le biāo zhǔn cí diǎn zhōng. xiāng fǎn, sú yǔ shì zhǐ nèi xiē jī hū suǒ yǒu jiǎng zhè zhǒng yǔ yán de rén dōu lǐ jiě bìng zài fēi zhèng shì de kǒu tóu huò shū miàn zhōng shǐ yòng, què bù shì yòng yú gēng zhèng guī de yī xiē chǎng hé de cí hé duǎn yǔ. jī hū suǒ yǒu de xí guàn yòng yǔ dōu shǔ yú sú yǔ, ér lǐ yǔ zhǐ de shì wèi hěn duō jiǎng zhè zhǒng yǔ yán de rén lǐ jiě dàn dà duō shù rén bù bǎ tā men liè rù hǎo de zhèng shì yòng fǎ zhī nèi de cí hé duǎn yǔ sú yǔ shèn zhì lǐ yǔ dōu kě néng zài biāo zhǔn zì diǎn zhōng chá dào, dàn shì zì diǎn zhōng huì biāo míng tā men de xìng zhì. sú yǔ hé lǐ yǔ cí huì de yìng yòng dōu shì kǒu tóu jiào duō bǐ tóu jiào shǎo. sú yǔ yòng fǎ jīng cháng dì bèi jiē shòu wèi biāo zhǔn yòng fǎ. yī xiē lǐ yǔ yě biàn chéng le biāo zhǔn yòng fǎ, dàn lìng wài yī xiē lǐ yǔ zhǐ jīng lì le duǎn zàn de liú xíng, ér hòu jiù bèi qì zhī bù yòng le. yǒu shí hou, duō shù rén cóng lái bù jiē shòu mǒu xiē lǐ yǔ, dàn shì tā men bǎ zhèi xiē lǐ yǔ bǎo cún dào jí zhōng jì yì zhōng. měi yī dài rén sì hū dōu xū yào dú yǒu de yī tào cí huì lái miáo shù shú zhī de wù tǐ hé shì jiàn. hěn duō yǔ yán xué jiā zhǐ chū, dà liàng lǐ yǔ de xíng chéng xū yào sān ge wén huà tiáo jiàn: dì yī, duì shè huì zhōng xīn shì wù de yǐn rù hé jiē shòu dì èr, yí gè yóu dà liàng zǐ qún gòu chéng de duō yàng huà rén kǒu dì sān, gè zǐ qún yǔ duō shù rén kǒu zhī jiān de lián xì. zuì hòu xū yào tí dào de shì," biāo zhǔn yǔ"" sú yǔ" hé" lǐ yǔ" zhèi xiē shù yǔ zhǐ shì duì yán jiū yǔ yán de zhuān jiā cái yǒu yòng de chōu xiàng biāo qiān. bù lùn hé zhǒng yǔ yán, zhǐ huì yǒu hěn xiǎo yī bù fen shǐ yòng zhě néng gòu yì shí dào tā men shì zài shǐ yòng sú yǔ huò lǐ yǔ. jiǎng yīng yǔ de duō shù rén néng gòu zài shì dàng de chǎng hé zhòng xuǎn zé shǐ yòng suǒ yǒu zhè sān zhǒng yǔ yán lèi xíng. |
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