| A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements. Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century. | |
| 画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上，每个人都可以观赏到。作曲家写完了一部作品，得由演奏者将其演奏出来，其他人才能得以欣赏。因为作曲家是如此完全地依赖于职业歌手和职业演奏者，所以职业歌手和职业演奏者肩上的担子可谓不轻。一名学音乐的学生要想成为一名演奏者，需要经受长期的严格的训练，就象一名医科的学生要成为一名医生一样。绝大多数的训练是技巧性的。音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度，必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演员相当的水平。歌手们每天都练习吊嗓子，因为如果不能有效地控制肌肉的话，他们的声带将不能满足演唱的要求。弦乐器的演奏者练习的则是在左手的手指上下滑动的同时，用右手前后拉动琴弓—两个截然不同的动作。歌手和乐器演奏者必须使所有的音符完全相同协调。钢琴家们则不用操这份心，因为每个音符都已在那里等待着他们了。给钢琴调音是调音师的职责。但调音师们也有他们的难处：他们必须耐心地调理敲击琴弦的音锤，不能让音锤发出的声音象是打击乐器，而且每个交叠的音都必须要清晰。如何得到乐章清晰的纹理是学生指挥们所面临的难题：他们必须学会了解音乐中的每一个音及其发音之道。他们还必须致力于以热忱而又客观的权威去控制这些音符。除非是和音乐方面的知识和悟性结合起来，单纯的技巧没有任何用处。艺术家之所以伟大在于他们对音乐语言驾轻就熟，以致于可以满怀喜悦地演出写于任何时代的作品。 |
| A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm two entirely different movements. Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner' s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century. | |
| hua jia jiang yi wan cheng de zuo pin gua zai qiang shang, mei ge ren dou ke yi guan shang dao. zuo qu jia xie wan le yi bu zuo pin, de you yan zou zhe jiang qi yan zou chu lai, qi ta ren cai neng de yi xin shang. yin wei zuo qu jia shi ru ci wan quan di yi lai yu zhi ye ge shou he zhi ye yan zou zhe, suo yi zhi ye ge shou he zhi ye yan zou zhe jian shang de dan zi ke wei bu qing. yi ming xue yin yue de xue sheng yao xiang cheng wei yi ming yan zou zhe, xu yao jing shou chang qi de yan ge de xun lian, jiu xiang yi ming yi ke de xue sheng yao cheng wei yi ming yi sheng yi yang. jue da duo shu de xun lian shi ji qiao xing de. yin yue jia men kong zhi ji rou de shu lian cheng du, bi xu da dao yu yun dong yuan huo ba lei wu yan yuan xiang dang de shui ping. ge shou men mei tian du lian xi diao sang zi, yin wei ru guo bu neng you xiao di kong zhi ji rou de hua, ta men de sheng dai jiang bu neng man zu yan chang de yao qiu. xian yue qi de yan zou zhe lian xi de ze shi zai zuo shou de shou zhi shang xia hua dong de tong shi, yong you shou qian hou la dong qin gong liang ge jie ran bu tong de dong zuo. ge shou he yue qi yan zou zhe bi xu shi suo you de yin fu wan quan xiang tong xie tiao. gang qin jia men ze bu yong cao zhe fen xin, yin wei mei ge yin fu dou yi zai na li deng dai zhe ta men le. gei gang qin tiao yin shi tiao yin shi de zhi ze. dan tiao yin shi men ye you ta men de nan chu: ta men bi xu nai xin di tiao li qiao ji qin xian de yin chui, bu neng rang yin chui fa chu de sheng yin xiang shi da ji yue qi, er qie mei ge jiao die de yin dou bi xu yao qing xi. ru he de dao yue zhang qing xi de wen li shi xue sheng zhi hui men suo mian lin de nan ti: ta men bi xu xue hui liao jie yin yue zhong de mei yi ge yin ji qi fa yin zhi dao. ta men hai bi xu zhi li yu yi re chen er you ke guan de quan wei qu kong zhi zhei xie yin fu. chu fei shi he yin yue fang mian di zhi shi he wu xing jie he qi lai, dan chun de ji qiao mei you ren he yong chu. yi shu jia zhi suo yi wei da zai yu ta men dui yin yue yu yan jia qing jiu shu, yi zhi yu ke yi man huai xi yue di yan chu xie yu ren he shi dai de zuo pin. |
| A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm two entirely different movements. Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner' s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century. | |
| huà jiā jiāng yǐ wán chéng de zuò pǐn guà zài qiáng shàng, měi ge rén dōu kě yǐ guān shǎng dào. zuò qǔ jiā xiě wán le yī bù zuò pǐn, dé yóu yǎn zòu zhě jiāng qí yǎn zòu chū lái, qí tā rén cái néng dé yǐ xīn shǎng. yīn wèi zuò qǔ jiā shì rú cǐ wán quán dì yī lài yú zhí yè gē shǒu hé zhí yè yǎn zòu zhě, suǒ yǐ zhí yè gē shǒu hé zhí yè yǎn zòu zhě jiān shàng de dàn zi kě wèi bù qīng. yī míng xué yīn yuè de xué shēng yào xiǎng chéng wéi yī míng yǎn zòu zhě, xū yào jīng shòu cháng qī de yán gé de xùn liàn, jiù xiàng yī míng yī kē de xué shēng yào chéng wéi yī míng yī shēng yí yàng. jué dà duō shù de xùn liàn shì jì qiǎo xìng de. yīn yuè jiā men kòng zhì jī ròu de shú liàn chéng dù, bì xū dá dào yǔ yùn dòng yuán huò bā lěi wǔ yǎn yuán xiāng dāng de shuǐ píng. gē shǒu men měi tiān dū liàn xí diào sǎng zi, yīn wèi rú guǒ bù néng yǒu xiào dì kòng zhì jī ròu de huà, tā men de shēng dài jiāng bù néng mǎn zú yǎn chàng de yāo qiú. xián yuè qì de yǎn zòu zhě liàn xí de zé shì zài zuǒ shǒu de shǒu zhǐ shàng xià huá dòng de tóng shí, yòng yòu shǒu qián hòu lā dòng qín gōng liǎng gè jié rán bù tóng de dòng zuò. gē shǒu hé yuè qì yǎn zòu zhě bì xū shǐ suǒ yǒu de yīn fú wán quán xiāng tóng xié tiáo. gāng qín jiā men zé bù yòng cāo zhè fèn xīn, yīn wèi měi gè yīn fú dōu yǐ zài nà li děng dài zhe tā men le. gěi gāng qín tiáo yīn shì tiáo yīn shī de zhí zé. dàn tiáo yīn shī men yě yǒu tā men de nán chǔ: tā men bì xū nài xīn dì tiáo lǐ qiāo jī qín xián de yīn chuí, bù néng ràng yīn chuí fā chū de shēng yīn xiàng shì dǎ jī yuè qì, ér qiě měi gè jiāo dié de yīn dōu bì xū yào qīng xī. rú hé dé dào yuè zhāng qīng xī de wén lǐ shì xué shēng zhǐ huī men suǒ miàn lín de nán tí: tā men bì xū xué huì liǎo jiě yīn yuè zhōng de měi yí gè yīn jí qí fā yīn zhī dào. tā men hái bì xū zhì lì yú yǐ rè chén ér yòu kè guān de quán wēi qù kòng zhì zhèi xiē yīn fú. chú fēi shì hé yīn yuè fāng miàn dí zhī shí hé wù xìng jié hé qǐ lái, dān chún de jì qiǎo méi yǒu rèn hé yòng chǔ. yì shù jiā zhī suǒ yǐ wěi dà zài yú tā men duì yīn yuè yǔ yán jià qīng jiù shú, yǐ zhì yú kě yǐ mǎn huái xǐ yuè dì yǎn chū xiě yú rèn hé shí dài de zuò pǐn. |
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