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We tend to think of Edward the Confessor as the quintessential AngloSaxon king. In fact, he was almost as Norman as William the Conqueror. After all, his mother Emma was a Norman and he' d lived here in Normandy for 30 years, ever since she' d brought him as a child refugee from the wars between the Saxons and the Danes. But Normandy was not just an asylum for Edward, it was the place which formed him politically and culturally. His mother tongue was Norman French. And his virtual godfathers were the formidable Dukes of Normandy. The Normans were descendants of Viking raiders, but had long since traded in their longboats for powerful warhorses. And the Duchy of Normandy was in no sense just a piece of France. Though the Dukes did formal homage to the kings of France, in every other way, they were fiercely independent, possessed of castles, patrons of churches. |
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wǒ men qīng xiàng yú bǎ chàn huǐ zhě ài dé huá kàn zuò yí gè diǎn xíng de àng gé lǔ sā kè xùn guó wáng, shì shí shàng, tā jī hū yǔ zhēng fú zhě wēi lián yí yàng shì gè nuò màn rén, tā de mǔ qīn ài mǎ shì nuò màn rén. zài sā kè xùn yǔ dān mài zhàn zhēng de xiāo yān zhōng, bǎ tā bàn zuò nàn mín tóng dài chū, táo wáng zhì nuò màn dǐ. zì nà yǐ hòu, tā biàn zài cǐ shēng huó le sān shí nián. dàn nuò màn dǐ bù jǐn jǐn shì ài dé huá de bì nàn suǒ, hái péi yǎng le tā zài zhèng zhì hé wén huà fāng miàn dí cái néng. tā de mǔ yǔ shì nuò màn fǎ yǔ, tā zhēn zhèng de jiào fù shì nèi xiē lìng rén jìng wèi de nuò màn dǐ gōng jué, nuò màn rén shì wéi jīng hǎi dào de hòu yì, dàn zài hěn jiǔ yǐ qián jiù bǎ zhàn chuán huàn chéng le qiáng dà de zhàn mǎ, nuò màn dǐ gōng guó jué fēi jǐn wèi fǎ guó de yī bù fen. jǐn guǎn gōng jué zài zhèng shì lǐ yí shàng xiào zhōng fǎ guó guó wáng, dàn zài qí tā fāng miàn tā men shì wán quán dú lì de, yōng yǒu zì jǐ de chéng bǎo yǔ zì jǐ zī zhù de jiào táng. |