| I think the gigantic force of this church defines Rome as the capital of Christendom. An emblem of the success of the Renaissance dream and global Catholicism. Julius's gamble had paid off. By the 18th century, the story of the making of the Holy City is almost complete. At first glance, Rome looked very much like it does today, filled with tourists eager to see its beautiful monuments. But there was one crucial difference between then and now. The popes were still the autocratic rulers of their own swathe of Italian territories, the Papal States. But all of that was about to change. In the mid-19th century, new ideologies were sweeping across Europe, which would permanently alter the shape of the Holy City. Republicanism and nationalism. They rejected the medieval and sclerotic papal autocracy. Having already taken hold of France, the idea of a republican nation was gathering momentum across the separate states of the Italian peninsula. | |
| 我想正是这座教堂的巨大力量将罗马认定为基督教之都。随着文艺复兴之梦的实现以及天主教传播到世界各处，尤利乌斯教皇的“赌债”已经还清。在十八世纪，打造神圣之城的故事已经到了尾声。一眼望过去，罗马看起来和今天的罗马差不多：城里挤满了游客，一心想要去看那些美丽壮观的纪念碑。那时和现在有一点重大区别：那就是教皇在那时仍然是意大利的统治者，他们之间的关系盘根错节，意大利也被称作教皇之国。但是这些都在发生变化。在十九世纪中期，新观念横扫整个欧洲，在很长一段时间内改变着神圣之城的发展方向，这些新观念就是共和主义和民族主义。他们反对陈腐落后的教皇统治。当法国处于共和制的统治以后，要建立一个共和制国家的理念迅速横扫了意大利所在的亚平宁半岛。 |
| I think the gigantic force of this church defines Rome as the capital of Christendom. An emblem of the success of the Renaissance dream and global Catholicism. Julius' s gamble had paid off. By the 18th century, the story of the making of the Holy City is almost complete. At first glance, Rome looked very much like it does today, filled with tourists eager to see its beautiful monuments. But there was one crucial difference between then and now. The popes were still the autocratic rulers of their own swathe of Italian territories, the Papal States. But all of that was about to change. In the mid19th century, new ideologies were sweeping across Europe, which would permanently alter the shape of the Holy City. Republicanism and nationalism. They rejected the medieval and sclerotic papal autocracy. Having already taken hold of France, the idea of a republican nation was gathering momentum across the separate states of the Italian peninsula. | |
| wo xiang zheng shi zhe zuo jiao tang de ju da li liang jiang luo ma ren ding wei ji du jiao zhi dou. sui zhe wen yi fu xing zhi meng de shi xian yi ji tian zhu jiao chuan bo dao shi jie ge chu, you li wu si jiao huang de" du zhai" yi jing huan qing. zai shi ba shi ji, da zao shen sheng zhi cheng de gu shi yi jing dao le wei sheng. yi yan wang guo qu, luo ma kan qi lai he jin tian de luo ma cha bu duo: cheng li ji man le you ke, yi xin xiang yao qu kan nei xie mei li zhuang guan de ji nian bei. na shi he xian zai you yi dian zhong da qu bie: na jiu shi jiao huang zai na shi reng ran shi yi da li de tong zhi zhe, ta men zhi jian de guan xi pan gen cuo jie, yi da li ye bei cheng zuo jiao huang zhi guo. dan shi zhei xie dou zai fa sheng bian hua. zai shi jiu shi ji zhong qi, xin guan nian heng sao zheng ge ou zhou, zai hen zhang yi duan shi jian nei gai bian zhe shen sheng zhi cheng de fa zhan fang xiang, zhei xie xin guan nian jiu shi gong he zhu yi he min zu zhu yi. ta men fan dui chen fu luo hou de jiao huang tong zhi. dang fa guo chu yu gong he zhi de tong zhi yi hou, yao jian li yi ge gong he zhi guo jia de li nian xun su heng sao le yi da li suo zai de ya ping ning ban dao. |
| I think the gigantic force of this church defines Rome as the capital of Christendom. An emblem of the success of the Renaissance dream and global Catholicism. Julius' s gamble had paid off. By the 18th century, the story of the making of the Holy City is almost complete. At first glance, Rome looked very much like it does today, filled with tourists eager to see its beautiful monuments. But there was one crucial difference between then and now. The popes were still the autocratic rulers of their own swathe of Italian territories, the Papal States. But all of that was about to change. In the mid19th century, new ideologies were sweeping across Europe, which would permanently alter the shape of the Holy City. Republicanism and nationalism. They rejected the medieval and sclerotic papal autocracy. Having already taken hold of France, the idea of a republican nation was gathering momentum across the separate states of the Italian peninsula. | |
| wǒ xiǎng zhèng shì zhè zuò jiào táng de jù dà lì liàng jiāng luó mǎ rèn dìng wèi jī dū jiào zhī dōu. suí zhe wén yì fù xīng zhī mèng de shí xiàn yǐ jí tiān zhǔ jiào chuán bō dào shì jiè gè chù, yóu lì wū sī jiào huáng de" dǔ zhài" yǐ jīng huán qīng. zài shí bā shì jì, dǎ zào shén shèng zhī chéng de gù shì yǐ jīng dào le wěi shēng. yī yǎn wàng guò qù, luó mǎ kàn qǐ lái hé jīn tiān de luó mǎ chà bù duō: chéng lǐ jǐ mǎn le yóu kè, yī xīn xiǎng yào qù kàn nèi xiē měi lì zhuàng guān de jì niàn bēi. nà shí hé xiàn zài yǒu yì diǎn zhòng dà qū bié: nà jiù shì jiào huáng zài nà shí réng rán shì yì dà lì de tǒng zhì zhě, tā men zhī jiān de guān xì pán gēn cuò jié, yì dà lì yě bèi chēng zuò jiào huáng zhī guó. dàn shì zhèi xiē dōu zài fā shēng biàn huà. zài shí jiǔ shì jì zhōng qī, xīn guān niàn héng sǎo zhěng gè ōu zhōu, zài hěn zhǎng yī duàn shí jiān nèi gǎi biàn zhe shén shèng zhī chéng de fā zhǎn fāng xiàng, zhèi xiē xīn guān niàn jiù shì gòng hé zhǔ yì hé mín zú zhǔ yì. tā men fǎn duì chén fǔ luò hòu de jiào huáng tǒng zhì. dāng fǎ guó chǔ yú gòng hé zhì de tǒng zhì yǐ hòu, yào jiàn lì yí gè gòng hé zhì guó jiā de lǐ niàn xùn sù héng sǎo le yì dà lì suǒ zài de yà píng nìng bàn dǎo. |
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