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An important factor in a marketoriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a privateenterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources private property, and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. |
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shì chǎng xíng jīng jì zhōng de yí gè zhòng yào yīn sù shì fǎn yìng xiāo fèi zhě xū qiú yǐ jí shēng chǎn zhě duì xiāo fèi zhě xū qiú zuò chū fǎn yìng de jī zhì. zài měi guó jīng jì zhōng, zhè yī jī zhì shì yóu jià gé tǐ zhì tǐ xiàn de, jià gé suí xiāo fèi zhě de xiāng duì xū qiú yǔ chǎn xiāo zhě de gōng yìng qíng kuàng ér shàng xià fú dòng. rú guǒ gōng bù yìng qiú, jià gé jiù shàng shēng, yǒu xiē xiāo fèi zhě jiù huì bèi pái jǐ chū shì chǎng. lìng yī fāng miàn, mǒu zhǒng chǎn pǐn dà liàng shēng chǎn dǎo zhì chéng běn xià jiàng, chǎn xiāo zhě tí gōng de chǎn pǐn jiù huì zēng jiā, zhè jiù huì shǐ jià gé xià diē, nà me, gèng duō de xiāo fèi zhě jiù gòu mǎi gāi chǎn pǐn. yīn cǐ, jià gé shì měi guó jīng jì tǐ zhì zhōng de tiáo jié jī zhì. sī yǒu qǐ yè jīng jì de yí gè zhòng yào yīn sù shì yǔn xǔ gè rén yōng yǒu shēng chǎn zī liào sī yǒu cái chǎn, yǔn xǔ tā men gù yòng láo dòng lì, kòng zhì zì rán zī yuán, tōng guò shēng chǎn chǎn pǐn tí gōng fú wù lái huò qǔ lì rùn. zài měi guó jīng jì zhōng, sī yǒu cái chǎn de gài niàn bù jǐn bāo kuò shēng chǎn zī liào de suǒ yǒu quán, yě bāo kuò yí dìng de quán lì, bǐ rú, chǎn pǐn jià gé de jué dìng quán huò yǔ qí tā sī yǒu gè tǐ de zì yóu qiān yuē quán. |