Lesson 36 The cost of government

歌曲 Lesson 36 The cost of government
歌手 英语听力
专辑 新概念英语(第四册)

歌词

[00:01.49] Lesson 36
[00:03.47] The cost of government
[00:11.31] What's the most important factor, both in government or business,
[00:16.09] for keeping running costs low?
[00:21.11] If a nation is essentialy disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.
[00:27.54] This increases the expense of government,
[00:30.39] and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.
[00:38.13] And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.
[00:44.84] Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.
[00:51.79] This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.
[00:59.32] An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.
[01:05.98] For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business.
[01:15.75] Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.
[01:23.13] The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave
[01:31.01] in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.
[01:35.69] If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities,
[01:39.38] and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.
[01:48.23] It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job
[01:54.16] without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else.
[02:02.36] But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job,
[02:09.14] then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.
[02:20.02] As administrative overheads rise,
[02:22.91] so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall;
[02:28.71] and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.
[02:37.54] It is precisely the same with a nation.
[02:40.44] To the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner,
[02:46.63] the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.
[02:52.36] But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure
[02:56.90] that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation;
[03:00.98] and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.
[03:06.39] A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

歌词大意

[00:01.49] dì 36 kè
[00:03.47] zhèng fǔ de kāi zhī
[00:11.31] duì zhèng fǔ huò shāng yè lái shuō, wèi bǎo chí yùn yíng chéng běn dī lián, zuì zhòng yào de yīn sù shì shén me ne?
[00:16.09]
[00:21.11] rú guǒ yí gè guó jiā shí jì shang chǔ yú fēn liè zhuàng tài, shǐ zhī lián hé qǐ lái jiù shì zhèng fǔ de shì le.
[00:27.54] zhè yàng yī lái jiù zēng jiā le zhèng fǔ de kāi zhī,
[00:30.39] cóng ér xiāng yìng dì jiǎn shǎo le kě yǐ yòng lái fā zhǎn guó jiā de nà bù fèn jīng jì zī yuán.
[00:38.13] bù yīng wàng jì, zài yí gè pín qióng luò hòu de guó jiā lǐ, nà bù fèn cái lì shì hěn yǒu xiàn de.
[00:44.84] fán shì zhèng fǔ guǎn lǐ fèi yòng gāo de dì fāng, yòng yú fā zhǎn guó jiā jīng jì de zì jǐ jiù huì xiāng yìng dì jiǎn shǎo.
[00:51.79] bǎ guó jiā de zhuàng kuàng tóng sī rén qǐ yè de zhuàng kuàng jiā yǐ bǐ jiào, jiù kě yǐ kàn qīng zhè gè wèn tí.
[00:59.32] yí gè qǐ yè wèi le jì xù jīng yíng, bù dé bù zhī chū yí dìng de fèi yòng hé kāi xiāo.
[01:05.98] jiù wǒ men de mù dì ér yán, wǒ men zhǐ guān xīn yī zhǒng fèi yòng qǐ yè xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ fèi.
[01:15.75] yī jiā qǐ yè de zhè zhǒng xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ kāi zhī lèi sì yú yí gè guó jiā de zhèng fǔ guǎn lǐ suǒ yòng de kāi zhī.
[01:23.13] rú guǒ qǐ yè zhōng de měi ge rén dōu zài zhēn chéng dì wèi tí gāo qǐ yè lì rùn ér gōng zuò, nà me qǐ yè de guǎn lǐ fèi yòng jiù huì jiàng dào xiāng yìng de chéng dù,
[01:31.01]
[01:35.69] rú guǒ qǐ yè de měi ge rén dōu xìn dé guò, rén rén rèn zhēn fù zé,
[01:39.38] zài gè zì de gōng zuò fàn wéi nèi fā huī zhǔ dòng xìng, xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ fèi yòng jiù huì jiàng dī.
[01:48.23] xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ fèi yòng jiàng dī de yuán yīn shì: měi xiàng gōng zuò zhǐ xū yí ge rén qù wán chéng,
[01:54.16] yòng bù zháo lìng wài zài yǒu yí ge rén jiǎn chá tā de gōng zuò, jiān dū tā zūn shǒu zhāng chéng, huò xiàng yǒu guān rén shì huì bào tā de gōng zuò.
[02:02.36] dàn shì, rú guǒ qǐ yè zhōng shuí yě bù kě xìn lài huì duì gōng zuò jìn zhōng zhí shǒu,
[02:09.14] nà me qǐ yè jiù huì xū yào dà pī de guǎn lǐ rén yuán jiǎn chá rén yuán hé dài bān rén yuán, guǎn lǐ fèi yòng jiù huì xiāng yìng dì zēng jiā.
[02:20.02] guǎn lǐ fèi yòng zēng jiā le,
[02:22.91] nà me zài kòu chú guǎn lǐ fèi yòng hòu, qǐ yè de shōu rù jiù jiàng dī le
[02:28.71] yīn ér yòng yú fēn hóng de jīn é huò zhí jiē yòng yú jiāng lái kāi tuò hé fā zhǎn de tóu zī jiù xiāng yìng dì jiǎn shǎo le.
[02:37.54] yí gè guó jiā de zhuàng kuàng yě wán quán xiāng tóng.
[02:40.44] rú guǒ rén mín zhōng yú zhí shǒu, jǔ zhǐ guī jǔ, néng shōu dào zhèng fǔ de xìn lài,
[02:46.63] nà me zhèng fǔ jiù bù xū yào dà pī de jǐng chá hé wén zhí rén yuán qù cù shǐ rén mín zūn jì shǒu fǎ.
[02:52.36] dàn shì rú guǒ yí gè guó jiā chǔ yú fēn liè zhuàng tài, zhèng fǔ bù néng xiāng xìn
[02:56.90] rén mín de xíng dòng yǒu lì yú guó jiā:
[03:00.98] nà me zhèng fǔ jiù bù dé bú duì rén mín jìn xíng jiān dū jiǎn chá hé kòng zhì.
[03:06.39] yīn cǐ, yí gè chǔ yú fēn liè zhuàng tài de guó jiā bì rán yào zhī fù guò gāo de xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ fèi yòng.