Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

歌曲 Lesson 44 Patterns of culture
歌手 英语听力
专辑 新概念英语(第四册)

歌词

[00:01.46] Lesson 44
[00:03.43] Patterns of culture
[00:11.29] What influences us from the moment of birth?
[00:17.21] Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment.
[00:22.85] The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,
[00:29.16] but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at is most commonplace.
[00:36.05] As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.
[00:40.37] Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour
[00:45.94] more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.
[00:54.40] Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter.
[00:58.38] The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief,
[01:05.67] and the very great varieties it may manifest.
[01:10.17] No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.
[01:14.85] He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.
[01:21.48] Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes;
[01:27.05] his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.
[01:34.74] John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual,
[01:42.46] as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom,
[01:46.65] is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue
[01:51.17] against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.
[01:58.16] When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously,
[02:04.45] the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of -fact observation.
[02:10.08] The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation
[02:15.03] to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.
[02:20.42] From the moment of his birth,
[02:22.30] the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.
[02:27.34] By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,
[02:31.65] and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities,
[02:36.29] its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
[02:45.92] Every child that is born into his group will share them with him,
[02:50.38] and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part.
[02:57.47] There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.
[03:05.68] Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties,
[03:09.33] the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.
[03:15.77] The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted,
[03:22.86] and some of these propositions have been violently opposed.
[03:27.64] In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no
[03:31.63] preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration.
[03:39.20] In all the less controversial fields,
[03:41.92] like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae,
[03:47.81] the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions.
[03:56.75] In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say.
[04:06.81] It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences
[04:11.37] have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.
[04:18.65] Anthropology was by definition impossible,
[04:22.04] as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive,
[04:26.14] ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds.
[04:33.59] It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication
[04:37.74] where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition.
[04:42.98] It was necessary to recognize that
[04:45.78] these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural,
[04:51.67] must be considered together, our own among the rest.

歌词大意

[00:01.46] dì 44 kè
[00:03.43] wén huà mó shì
[00:11.29] cóng chū shēng zhī shí qǐ, jiù yǐng xiǎng zhe wǒ men de shì shén me?
[00:17.21] zhì jīn xí sú réng wèi pǔ biàn dì bèi kàn zuò yí gè zhòng yào de kè tí.
[00:22.85] wǒ men yì bān dōu yǒu zhè yàng yī zhǒng xiǎng fǎ, rèn wéi zhǐ yǒu wǒ men zì jǐ dà nǎo nèi bù de huó dòng cái shì zhí de yán jiū de,
[00:29.16] ér xí sú zhǐ bù guò shì zuì píng cháng de xíng wéi.
[00:36.05] kě shí jì shang de qíng xíng qià shì xiāng fǎn.
[00:40.37] shì jiān liú xíng de chuán tǒng xí sú jiù shì dà liàng de suǒ xì xíng wéi,
[00:45.94] zhèi xiē xíng wéi bǐ rèn hé gè rén zài gè tǐ xíng dòng zhōng wú lùn tā de xíng wéi yǒu duō me gǔ guài suǒ néng fā zhǎn chū de dōng xī gèng lìng rén jīng yà.
[00:54.40] rán ér, zhè jǐn jǐn shì wèn tí de wú guān jǐn yào de yī fāng miàn.
[00:58.38] zuì wéi zhòng yào de shì, xí sú zài jīng yàn hé xìn yǎng de xíng chéng fāng miàn suǒ qǐ dào de zhǔ dǎo xìng zuò yòng,
[01:05.67] yǐ jí tā suǒ biǎo xiàn chū lái de jí qí fēng fù duō cǎi de xíng shì.
[01:10.17] shuí yě bú huì yǐ yī zhǒng zhì piáo yuán shǐ de yǎn guāng lái kàn shì jiè.
[01:14.85] tā kàn shì jiè shí, zǒng huì shòu dào tè dìng de xí sú zhì dù hé sī kǎo fāng shì de jiǎn cái biān pái.
[01:21.48] jí shǐ zài zhé xué tàn suǒ zhōng, rén men yě wèi néng chāo yuè zhèi xiē chén guī jiù xí,
[01:27.05] tā de shì fēi guān réng huì bèi qí tè yǒu de chuán tǒng xí sú zuǒ yòu.
[01:34.74] yuē hàn dù wēi céng yǐ yī zhǒng shí fēn yán sù de tài dù jiǎng guò, xí sú zài xíng chéng gè rén xíng wéi zhōng suǒ qǐ de zuò yòng
[01:42.46] yuǎn chāo guò le gè rén duì chuán tǒng xí sú suǒ néng fā shēng de rèn hé yǐng xiǎng,
[01:46.65] zhè jiù xiàng tā de mǔ yǔ suǒ hán de quán bù cí huì
[01:51.17] yuǎn yuǎn chāo chū le tā de jiā zú tǔ yǔ zhōng suǒ hán de tā ér shí xì yǔ de yòng cí.
[01:58.16] rú guǒ rén men yán jǐn dì yán jiū yī xià nèi xiē céng yǒu xìng zì fā dì fā zhǎn de shè huì zhì xù,
[02:04.45] jiù huì kàn dào, zhè gè bǐ yù shì jī yú jīng què ér hé hū shì shí de guān chá de shuō fǎ, sī háo méi yǒu kuā zhāng.
[02:10.08] gè tǐ shēng huó de lì shǐ zhōng, shǒu yào de jiù shì
[02:15.03] duì tā suǒ shǔ de nà gè shè qún chuán tǒng shàng shǒu bà shǒu chuán xià lái de nèi xiē mó shì hé zhǔn zé de shì yìng.
[02:20.42] cóng chū shēng zhī shí qǐ,
[02:22.30] shè qún de xí sú biàn kāi shǐ sù zào tā de jīng yàn hé xíng wéi.
[02:27.34] dào yī yā xué yǔ shí, tā yǐ shì suǒ zhǔ wén huà sù zào de xiǎo hái zi le,
[02:31.65] ér dào tā zhǎng dà chéng rén bìng néng cān jiā gāi wén huà de huó dòng shí,
[02:36.29] shè qún de xí guàn biàn yǐ shì tā de xí guàn, shè qún de xìn yǎng biàn yǐ shì tā de xìn yǎng, shè qún de jiè lǜ biàn yǐ shì tā de jiè lǜ.
[02:45.92] měi gè chū shēng yú tā nà gè qún tǐ de ér tóng dōu jiāng yǔ tā gòng xiǎng zhè gè qún tǐ de nèi xiē xí sú,
[02:50.38] ér chū shēng zài dì qiú lìng yī miàn dí nèi xiē ér tóng zé bú huì shòu dào zhèi xiē xí sú de sī háo yǐng xiǎng.
[02:57.47] lǐ jiě xí sú de zhè zhǒng zuò yòng duì wǒ men lái shuō shì zé wú páng dài de, méi yǒu qí tā něi gè shè huì wèn tí bǐ tā lái de gèng wéi jǐn pò.
[03:05.68] zài wǒ men míng liǎo xí sú de zuò yòng guī lǜ hé duō yàng xìng zhī qián,
[03:09.33] rén lèi shēng huó zhōng nèi xiē zuì zhòng yào de fù zá shì shí duì wǒ men lái shuō dōu shì bù kě lǐ jiě de.
[03:15.77] zhǐ yǒu zài mǒu xiē zuì chū de zhǔ zhāng bèi jiē shòu le,
[03:22.86] ér mǒu xiē zāo dào le qiáng liè de fǎn duì zhī hòu, duì xí sú de yán jiū cái huì yǒu shōu huò.
[03:27.64] shǒu xiān, rèn hé kē xué de yán jiū dōu yāo qiú,
[03:31.63] zài zhè yī xué kē suǒ xuǎn zé de lái jiā yǐ kǎo lǜ de xì liè yīn sù zhōng jué bù piān zhòng zhè yī xiàng huò nà yī xiàng.
[03:39.20] zài nèi xiē zhēng yì jiào shǎo de lǐng yù,
[03:41.92] bǐ rú yǒu guān xiān rén zhǎng bái yǐ huò xīng yún běn zhì dì yán jiū zhōng,
[03:47.81] yán jiū suǒ bì xū jù bèi de fāng fǎ jiù shì, xiān bǎ xiāng guān de zī liào fēn lèi, rán hòu kǎo chá yī qiè kě néng de chā yì xíng shì hé tiáo jiàn.
[03:56.75] lì rú, yòng zhè zhǒng fāng fǎ, wǒ men wán quán zhǎng wò le tiān wén xué de guī lǜ hé kūn chóng qún jū de xí xìng.
[04:06.81] zhǐ yǒu zài guān yú rén lèi zì shēn de yán jiū zhè yī lǐng yù zhōng, gè zhǔ yào de shè huì xué kē
[04:11.37] cái yòng duì yí gè jú bù dì qū de gè zhǒng qíng kuàng de yán jiū rú duì xī fāng wén míng de yán jiū lái dài tì duì quán rén lèi de yán jiū.
[04:18.65] zhǐ yào wǒ men zì jǐ yǔ yuán shǐ rén wǒ men zì jǐ yǔ yě mán rén wǒ men zì jǐ yǔ yì jiào tú zhī jiān de chā bié réng jiù zhī pèi zhe wǒ men de tóu nǎo,
[04:22.04] zhěng jù àn zhōng wén xí guàn dǎo xù fān yì
[04:26.14] rén lèi xué àn qí dìng yì lái shuō jiù wú fǎ cún zài.
[04:33.59] wǒ men què yǒu bì yào shǒu xiān xiū liàn dào zhè yàng yī zhǒng chéng shú chéng dù,
[04:37.74] jí wǒ men bù zài rèn wéi zì jǐ de xìn yǎng bǐ lín bāng de mí xìn gèng jiā gāo míng.
[04:42.98] wǒ men bì xū rèn shi dào,
[04:45.78] duì nèi xiē jī yú xiāng tóng de qián tí de kě yǐ shuō shì chāo zì rán de xí sú,
[04:51.67] bì xū yào quán bù jiā yǐ kǎo chá, ér wǒ men zì jǐ de xí sú zhǐ shì qí zhōng zhī yī.