| When communicating with someone familiar we are usually confident in our anticipation, and may not even notice that we are making such predictions. In contrast, when we communicate with strangers we are more aware of the range of their possible responses, and of the uncertainty of our predictions. But where do our predictions come from? Communicative predictions are based on data from three levels. First is the cultural level. This level involves information about the other's culture, its dominant values and norms. This is often the only level of information available when communicating with a stranger. Even so, a better understanding of the stranger's culture yields better predictions. The second level of information is sociocultural. This includes data about the other's group membership, or the groups to which they seek to belong. This type of information is the predominant data used in intercultural communication. Finally there is psychocultural data. This is information about the individual's characteristics, and is the sort of data most relevant to communication with friends. Then how do we process the prediction data when we communicate with strangers? The answer is that we understand such data by the process of social cognition. | |
| 当我们同某个熟悉的人交谈时，我们对自己的预测很有信心，甚至没有意识到自己在揣测他人。与此相反的是，当我们和陌生人交谈时，我们对对方可能有的反应和想法更加不确定。然而，我们所谓的预测是源于何处呢？交流性的预测是基于三个层面的数据。首先是文化层面。它包括他人的文化、主导价值观和准则。这些往往是在和陌生人交谈时唯一有效的信息。尽管如此，更好地了解不熟悉的文化能进行更好地预测。其次是社会文化层面。它涉及的内容有其他群体间的成员关系或者人们寻求所属的群体。这类信息在跨文化交流中占有先入为主的地位。最后是心理文化层面。它是关于个人的性格特征的，而且是在与朋友交往时息息相关的一点。那么，当我们在与陌生人交谈时我们该如何进行对预测数据的加工呢？答案就是我们要通过社会认知的过程来理解这些数据。 |
| When communicating with someone familiar we are usually confident in our anticipation, and may not even notice that we are making such predictions. In contrast, when we communicate with strangers we are more aware of the range of their possible responses, and of the uncertainty of our predictions. But where do our predictions come from? Communicative predictions are based on data from three levels. First is the cultural level. This level involves information about the other' s culture, its dominant values and norms. This is often the only level of information available when communicating with a stranger. Even so, a better understanding of the stranger' s culture yields better predictions. The second level of information is sociocultural. This includes data about the other' s group membership, or the groups to which they seek to belong. This type of information is the predominant data used in intercultural communication. Finally there is psychocultural data. This is information about the individual' s characteristics, and is the sort of data most relevant to communication with friends. Then how do we process the prediction data when we communicate with strangers? The answer is that we understand such data by the process of social cognition. | |
| dang wo men tong mou ge shu xi de ren jiao tan shi, wo men dui zi ji de yu ce hen you xin xin, shen zhi mei you yi shi dao zi ji zai chuai ce ta ren. yu ci xiang fan de shi, dang wo men he mo sheng ren jiao tan shi, wo men dui dui fang ke neng you de fan ying he xiang fa geng jia bu que ding. ran er, wo men suo wei de yu ce shi yuan yu he chu ne? jiao liu xing de yu ce shi ji yu san ge ceng mian di shu ju. shou xian shi wen hua ceng mian. ta bao kuo ta ren de wen hua zhu dao jia zhi guan he zhun ze. zhei xie wang wang shi zai he mo sheng ren jiao tan shi wei yi you xiao de xin xi. jin guan ru ci, geng hao di liao jie bu shu xi de wen hua neng jin xing geng hao di yu ce. qi ci shi she hui wen hua ceng mian. ta she ji de nei rong you qi ta qun ti jian de cheng yuan guan xi huo zhe ren men xun qiu suo shu de qun ti. zhe lei xin xi zai kua wen hua jiao liu zhong zhan you xian ru wei zhu de di wei. zui hou shi xin li wen hua ceng mian. ta shi guan yu ge ren de xing ge te zheng de, er qie shi zai yu peng you jiao wang shi xi xi xiang guan de yi dian. na me, dang wo men zai yu mo sheng ren jiao tan shi wo men gai ru he jin xing dui yu ce shu ju de jia gong ne? da an jiu shi wo men yao tong guo she hui ren zhi de guo cheng lai li jie zhei xie shu ju. |
| When communicating with someone familiar we are usually confident in our anticipation, and may not even notice that we are making such predictions. In contrast, when we communicate with strangers we are more aware of the range of their possible responses, and of the uncertainty of our predictions. But where do our predictions come from? Communicative predictions are based on data from three levels. First is the cultural level. This level involves information about the other' s culture, its dominant values and norms. This is often the only level of information available when communicating with a stranger. Even so, a better understanding of the stranger' s culture yields better predictions. The second level of information is sociocultural. This includes data about the other' s group membership, or the groups to which they seek to belong. This type of information is the predominant data used in intercultural communication. Finally there is psychocultural data. This is information about the individual' s characteristics, and is the sort of data most relevant to communication with friends. Then how do we process the prediction data when we communicate with strangers? The answer is that we understand such data by the process of social cognition. | |
| dāng wǒ men tóng mǒu gè shú xī de rén jiāo tán shí, wǒ men duì zì jǐ de yù cè hěn yǒu xìn xīn, shèn zhì méi yǒu yì shí dào zì jǐ zài chuǎi cè tā rén. yǔ cǐ xiāng fǎn de shì, dāng wǒ men hé mò shēng rén jiāo tán shí, wǒ men duì duì fāng kě néng yǒu de fǎn yìng hé xiǎng fǎ gèng jiā bù què dìng. rán ér, wǒ men suǒ wèi de yù cè shì yuán yú hé chǔ ne? jiāo liú xìng de yù cè shì jī yú sān ge céng miàn dí shù jù. shǒu xiān shì wén huà céng miàn. tā bāo kuò tā rén de wén huà zhǔ dǎo jià zhí guān hé zhǔn zé. zhèi xiē wǎng wǎng shì zài hé mò shēng rén jiāo tán shí wéi yī yǒu xiào de xìn xī. jǐn guǎn rú cǐ, gèng hǎo dì liǎo jiě bù shú xī de wén huà néng jìn xíng gèng hǎo dì yù cè. qí cì shì shè huì wén huà céng miàn. tā shè jí de nèi róng yǒu qí tā qún tǐ jiān de chéng yuán guān xì huò zhě rén men xún qiú suǒ shǔ de qún tǐ. zhè lèi xìn xī zài kuà wén huà jiāo liú zhōng zhàn yǒu xiān rù wéi zhǔ de dì wèi. zuì hòu shì xīn lǐ wén huà céng miàn. tā shì guān yú gè rén de xìng gé tè zhēng de, ér qiě shì zài yǔ péng yǒu jiāo wǎng shí xī xī xiāng guān de yì diǎn. nà me, dāng wǒ men zài yǔ mò shēng rén jiāo tán shí wǒ men gāi rú hé jìn xíng duì yù cè shù jù de jiā gōng ne? dá àn jiù shì wǒ men yào tōng guò shè huì rèn zhī de guò chéng lái lǐ jiě zhèi xiē shù jù. |
YouTube搜索结果 (转至YouTube)