| [00:00.30] | |
| [00:01.66] | So why do people scraping by on just ￡5.90 a day pay such horrendous interest on loans? |
| [00:09.31] | These, surely, are loans you'd be mad not to default on. |
| [00:13.89] | Here in Glasgow, defaulting on your loan is highly inadvisable |
| [00:20.06] | You won't literally lose a pound of flesh |
| [00:23.07] | but grievous bodily harm isn't an unknown consequence of letting down the loan shark. |
| [00:31.01] | Quite simply, individual loan sharks have to be rapacious and ruthless |
| [00:36.11] | because the costs to them of even a single defaulter are so high |
| [00:43.80] | And that explains why, from Renaissance Italy to modern Scotland, the moneylender is so often a hated figure |
| [00:52.00] | He's providing a service, but at a socially unacceptable price. |
| [01:00.00] | So how did lenders learn to overcome this fundamental problem? |
| [01:04.20] | If they were too generous, they didn't make any money. |
| [01:06.90] | But if they were too hard-nosed, borrowers would eventually default |
| [01:11.23] | The answer was to get bigger and more powerful |
| [01:15.02] | It was time to invent banks |
| [01:18.33] |
| [00:00.30] | |
| [00:01.66] | So why do people scraping by on just 5. 90 a day pay such horrendous interest on loans? |
| [00:09.31] | These, surely, are loans you' d be mad not to default on. |
| [00:13.89] | Here in Glasgow, defaulting on your loan is highly inadvisable |
| [00:20.06] | You won' t literally lose a pound of flesh |
| [00:23.07] | but grievous bodily harm isn' t an unknown consequence of letting down the loan shark. |
| [00:31.01] | Quite simply, individual loan sharks have to be rapacious and ruthless |
| [00:36.11] | because the costs to them of even a single defaulter are so high |
| [00:43.80] | And that explains why, from Renaissance Italy to modern Scotland, the moneylender is so often a hated figure |
| [00:52.00] | He' s providing a service, but at a socially unacceptable price. |
| [01:00.00] | So how did lenders learn to overcome this fundamental problem? |
| [01:04.20] | If they were too generous, they didn' t make any money. |
| [01:06.90] | But if they were too hardnosed, borrowers would eventually default |
| [01:11.23] | The answer was to get bigger and more powerful |
| [01:15.02] | It was time to invent banks |
| [01:18.33] |
| [00:00.30] | |
| [00:01.66] | So why do people scraping by on just 5. 90 a day pay such horrendous interest on loans? |
| [00:09.31] | These, surely, are loans you' d be mad not to default on. |
| [00:13.89] | Here in Glasgow, defaulting on your loan is highly inadvisable |
| [00:20.06] | You won' t literally lose a pound of flesh |
| [00:23.07] | but grievous bodily harm isn' t an unknown consequence of letting down the loan shark. |
| [00:31.01] | Quite simply, individual loan sharks have to be rapacious and ruthless |
| [00:36.11] | because the costs to them of even a single defaulter are so high |
| [00:43.80] | And that explains why, from Renaissance Italy to modern Scotland, the moneylender is so often a hated figure |
| [00:52.00] | He' s providing a service, but at a socially unacceptable price. |
| [01:00.00] | So how did lenders learn to overcome this fundamental problem? |
| [01:04.20] | If they were too generous, they didn' t make any money. |
| [01:06.90] | But if they were too hardnosed, borrowers would eventually default |
| [01:11.23] | The answer was to get bigger and more powerful |
| [01:15.02] | It was time to invent banks |
| [01:18.33] |
| [00:01.66] | 为什么这些每天仅靠5.9英镑勉强糊口的人，愿意贷款支付数额如此惊人的利息呢？ |
| [00:09.31] | 显然，想不拖欠这些贷款是很难的 |
| [00:13.89] | 在格拉斯哥，拖欠贷款非常不明智的 |
| [00:20.06] | 虽然你不会真的失去一磅肉 |
| [00:23.07] | 但因得罪高利贷者而重伤致残的事情屡有发生 |
| [00:31.01] | 原因非常简单，每个放高利贷者都唯利是图，残暴无情 |
| [00:36.11] | 因为对他们来说，每一份违约的成本都很高 |
| [00:43.80] | 这也是为什么从文艺复兴时期的意大利到现在的苏格兰，放贷人一直都是个被人憎恨的角色 |
| [00:52.00] | 他的确提供了服务，但却要价高昂，社会无法接受 |
| [01:00.00] | 那么贷款人是如何解决这一根本问题的呢？ |
| [01:04.20] | 他们如果过于慷慨，就无法获利 |
| [01:06.90] | 可如果过于强硬 借款人最终还是会违约 |
| [01:11.23] | 答案就在于，要做大做强 |
| [01:15.02] | 于是，银行应运而生 |
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